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ENT > Audiometry > Flashcards

Audiometry Flashcards

1
Q

What is on the axis of audiograms?

A

Along is frequency

Down is intensity

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2
Q

What does the white area represent?

What does the yellow area represent?

A

White = Sounds that can be heard

Yellow = Sounds that cannot be heard

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3
Q

What does red in an audiogram mean?
What does blue mean?

A

Red = Right

Blue = Left

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4
Q

What does X mean?

What does O mean?

A

X = Air Conduction Left

O = Air Conduction Right

‘Oh right then’

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5
Q

What does a triangle on an audiogram mean?

A

Bone Conduction

(Either left or right depending on colour)

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6
Q

What is masking?

A

This is used when there is a difference in hearing thresholds

Masking ensures the results are from the ear being tested

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7
Q

How is masking carried out?

A

Introduce a noise to the non test ear (like static but has a tone)

This distracts the non-test ear to ensure the results obtained are from the ear being tested

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8
Q

What does the symbol [and] mean?

A

[ = Masked Bone conduction right

] = Masked bone conduction left

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9
Q

What type of hearing is shown by the audiogram?

A

Normal

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10
Q

What type of hearing is shown by this audiogram?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

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11
Q

What are the causes of sensorineural hearing loss?

A

Ageing

Prolonged exposure to loud noise

Headphone use

Toxic drugs Eg; Chemo, Gentamicin

Infectious Diseases

Tumours on the auditory nerve

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12
Q

Describe the pathology behind sensorineural hearing loss? (Briefly)

A

Damage to either the hair cells within the cochlea or the hearing nerve (Vestibulocochlear)

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13
Q

True or False:

  • Sensorineural hearing loss is reversible?
A

FALSE

Only the nerve/hair cells have been damaged, this cannot be reversed

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14
Q

What does this audiogram show?

A

Conductive Hearing Loss

  • Air conduction is reduced
  • Bone conduction is normal

Gap between air and bone conduction

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15
Q

Give some causes of conductive hearing loss?

A

Glue Ear

Ear Infections

Perforated Ear Drum

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16
Q

True or False:

  • Conductive hearing loss is reversible?
A

TRUE
Conductive hearing loss can be reversed in the majority of cases

17
Q

What does this audiogram show?

A

Mixed Hearing Loss

  • There is a gap between air and bone conduction (conductive)
  • However, bone conduction is below normal levels (Sensorineural)
18
Q

Give some causes of mixed hearing loss?

A
  • Genetic factors
  • Congenital diseases
  • Infections
  • Tumours/Masses
  • Trauma
19
Q

What does this audiogram suggest?

A

Otosclerosis

  • Mixed sensorineural/conductive hearing loss
  • Carhart’s Notch (Drop in bone conduction at 2000Hz)
20
Q

How is the Rinne’s test performed?

A

Use a 512Hz tuning fork

Hold it against the patient’s mastoid until sound is no longer heard

Hold it 2cm away from ear and ask if they can still hear the tone

21
Q

Rinne’s Test:

  • Patient can no longer hear it at mastoid
  • Tuning fork is held 2cm away fromn ear
  • Patient is still able to hear the sound

Results?

A

NORMAL RINNE’S TEST (RINNE-POSITIVE)

  • Should be able to still hear it at ear (air conduction) after they cannot hear it at mastoid (bone conduction)

Air conduction is better than bone conduction

Suggests EITHER normal hearing or sensorineural loss

22
Q

Rinne’s Test:

  • Patient can no longer hear it at mastoid
  • Tuning fork is moved to 2cm next to ear
  • Patient is unable to hear this

Results?

A

ABNORMAL RINNE’S TEST (RINNE-NEGATIVE)

Bone conduction is better than air conduction

This suggests conductive hearing loss

23
Q

Rinne’s Test:

  • Patient can no longer hear it at mastoid (after a short time)
  • Tuning fork is positioned 2cm away from ear
  • Patient is able to hear it (but only for a short time)

Results?

A

RINNE’S TEST POSITIVE
Air conduction is better than bone conduction

However both are reduced - this suggests sensorineural hearing loss

24
Q

How is Weber’s test performed?

A

512Hz tuning fork

Placed in the centre of patient’s forehead

Asked to which side the sound localises or is it in the midline

25
Q

Weber’s Test:

  • Sound is heard in the midline
  • Rinne’s test was positive for both ears

What does this suggest?

A

Normal Hearing OR Sensorineural

26
Q

Weber’s Test:

  • Sound heard louder in the left ear

What does this suggest?

A

EITHER
- Conductive hearing loss in left ear

OR
- Sensorineural hearing loss in right ear

27
Q

Weber’s Test:

  • Sound heard louder in right ear

What does this suggest?

A

EITHER conductive hearing loss in right ear

OR Sensorineural loss in left ear

28
Q

Rinne’s Test: NEGATIVE in left ear

Weber’s Test: Localises to left ear

Diagnosis?

A

Conductive Hearing Loss in Left Ear

29
Q

Rinne’s Test normal in both ears

Weber’s test localizes to left ear

Diagnosis?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss in right ear

30
Q

Weber’s central

Rinne’s Normal (but time the sound is heard for is reduced)

Diagnosis?

A

Sensorineural

Weber’s can be either localised or normal in sensorineural

Rinne’s is normal in sensorineural but time is reduced

31
Q

40 year old man complains of hearing loss in his left ear

Rinne’s Test normal in both ears

Weber’s test localizes to right ear

Diagnosis?

A

Sensorineural hearing loss in left ear

32
Q

Try this quiz

http://www.sporcle.com/games/babydoctor/sensorineural-hearing-loss-

A

ENT (17 decks)

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