2.6: ENT Radiology Flashcards
What can radiology be used to investigate?
- Give some examples
Dysphagia Stridor Deafness Neck Lumps Stage Head and Neck Cancers
Describe clinical procedures involving radiology?
Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
Dilating oesophageal strictures with imaging guidance
Embolize blood vessels
Name some types of radiology commonly used in ENT?
CT MRI X-Ray (Plain Film) Barium Swallow Ultrasound
Describe radiography in foreign bodies?
Use plain film
Take AP and Lateral
Describe investigation of Dysphagia?
- First line?
- If no abnormality is found, move on to..?
- Other examples where the 2nd line investigation would be used?
Endoscopy is the first line Move onto Barium Swallow if there is no obvious abnormality Also used in: - Pharyngeal pouches - Strictures (after cricopharyngeus) - Dysmotility
If patients will not tolerate endoscopy, what investigation can be used?
Barium Swallow
If patient has an endoscopy/barium swallow and malignancy is found, what is the next step?
CT/MRI to stage
Uses for ultrasound?
Neck Lumps
Investigation and FNA of thyroid
Investigation of salivary gland disease
Investigation of inflammatory masses
Best imaging for children?
Ultrasound - doesn’t expose them to radiation
First line in neck lumps?
- What are you trying to find out?
Ultrasound
Is this a lymph node?
Malignant/Benign?
Location?
Describe the use of ultrasound in sample taking?
Used in ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration
Describe how you evaluate lymph nodes?
Size isn’t everything
Look at shape
Blood Flow
Describe a benign lymph node?
Oval
Central Fatty Fibre
Central core of blood supply
Describe a malignant lymph node?
Circular
Disorganised blood supply
Describe thyroid masses
- How many are malignant, how many benign?
80% are benign hyper plastic nodules