Audiology

Question 1

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL)

Answer 1

Hearing loss resulting from inner ear or auditory nerve damage (cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve)
difficulty in sound perception and clarity, especially in noisy environments
May experience tinnitus and/or dizziness
Possible causes: NIHL, presbycusis, ototoxicity, acoustic neuroma, meniere’s disease, etc.
Treatment: hearing aids, cochlear implants
AC and BC abnormal, with NO ABG
Impacts HIGH frequencies most

Question 2

Normal hearing

Answer 2

-10 to 15 dB

Question 3

Slight HL

Answer 3

16-25 dB

Question 4

Mild HL

Answer 4

26-40 dB

Question 5

Moderate HL

Answer 5

41-55 dB

Question 6

Moderately-Severe HL

Answer 6

56-70 dB

Question 7

Severe HL

Answer 7

71-90 dB

Question 8

Profound HL

Answer 8

91+ dB

Question 9

Cookie Bite Audiogram

Answer 9

A characteristic dip in the mid-frequency range (1000-3000 Hz), often associated with SNHL
Symptoms:
Difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments
Muffled or distorted sound quality in the mid-frequency range
Intact high frequency hearing (birds singing or children’s voices) and low frequency (thunder)

Question 10

Cochlear Implant Candidacy

Answer 10

Age: 9–12 months old, with earlier implantation (before 3 y/o) showing better outcomes for speech and language
Degree of Hearing Loss: Severe-to-profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (>70–90 dB HL) with limited benefit from hearing aids after a 3–6 month trial.
Medical Factors: Adequate cochlear and auditory nerve anatomy confirmed via imaging, with no contraindications for surgery.
Speech and Language: Delayed development despite appropriate amplification and intervention.
Family Commitment: Active involvement in therapy, realistic expectations, and willingness to manage the device long-term.

Question 11

Dynamic Assessment

Answer 11

model of assessment that evaluates a child’s ability to learn and generalize after being taught.
Test: Initial evaluation of skills.
Teach: Targeted teaching.
Retest: Re-evaluation to measure progress.

Question 12

AAC Participation Model

Answer 12

Everyone can communicate!
External factors considered as potential barriers to be addressed, not restrictions
Assessment is ongoing
intervention facilitates meaningful communication and participation, identifies actual and opportunity barriers
Technology does not make a competent communicator

Question 13

Aided AAC

Answer 13

use of external aid such as communication board, books, voice output device, etc.
devices used to transmit or receive message

Question 14

Unaided AAC

Answer 14

produced by the body
Vocalizations, gestures, signs

Question 15

symbols

Answer 15

real objects, photos, pictures, drawings, orthography

Question 16

AAC strategies

Answer 16

most efficient and effective ways to convey symbols

Question 17

AAC techniques

Answer 17

how messages are physically transmitted (e.g. scanning)

Question 18

AAC direct selection

Answer 18

touch, point or use eye gaze to pick options - do it with your own body
Fast, can use key guards to help with precision
For users with good motor control

Question 19

AAC indirect selection

Answer 19

The patient relies on a secondary method to make a selection.
Visual/Auditory Scanning, Partner-Assisted Scanning

Question 20

core vocabulary

Answer 20

common words to age matched peers; used across all communication environments

Question 21

fringe vocabulary

Answer 21

specific and unique vocab based on the AAC user; allow expression of ideas, mostly nouns

Question 22

AAC static display

Answer 22

“fixed” symbols in location, typical low tech

Question 23

AAC Dynamic display

Answer 23

electronic visual symbols, computer screen display

Question 24

AAC visual scene

Answer 24

picture/photo that represents a situation/experience within a scene