AUD Flashcards

1
Q

Criteria for AUD

A

More than once tried to cut down or stop drinking (or tried) but couldn’t
Spent a lot of time drinking or being sick or getting over the aftereffects/hangover
Wanted a drink so badly you couldn’t think of anything else
Found that drinking, or being sick from it, often interfered with taking care of your home/family, caused job or school issues
Continued to drink even though it was causing trouble with family or friends
Given up or cut back on activities that were important or interesting to you, or gave you pleasure, in order to drink
More than once gotten into situations while or after drinking that increased your chances of injury (drunk driving, walking in a dangerous area, unsafe sex)
Continued to drink even though it was making you feel depressed or anxious or adding to another health problem or had a blackout
Had to drink a lot more than you did before to get the effect you want or found that your usual number of drinks had much less effect than before
Found that when the effects of alcohol were wearing off, you had withdrawal symptoms

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2
Q

Criteria for mild AUD

A

2-3 symptoms

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3
Q

Criteria for moderate AUD

A

4-5 symptoms

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4
Q

Criteria for severe AUD

A

6+ symptoms

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5
Q

Where does a patient begin to be at risk for withdrawal?

A

Moderate AUD

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6
Q

MoA of ethanol

A

Facilitates GABAnergic transmission to block glutamate and results in dopamine release in nucleus accumbens

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7
Q

GABA is an _____ neurotransmitter system

A

inhibitory

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8
Q

Acute effects of alcohol on GABA

A

Enhances effectiveness of GABA

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9
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol on GABA

A

Reduces the effectiveness of GABA receptors (downregulation)

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10
Q

Glutamate is a ______ neurotransmitter system

A

stimulatory

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11
Q

Acute effects of alcohol on glutamate

A

Inhibits effectiveness of glutamate and reduces glutamate release

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12
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol on glutamate

A

Increase in NMDA receptors (upregulation) and downregulates the GABAnergic inhibitory neurotransmitters

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13
Q

Acute effects of alcohol on dopamine

A

Increases firing rate of dopamine neurons in VTA, which releases more DA

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14
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol on dopamine

A

During withdrawal, decreases firing rate and DA release

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15
Q

What area of the brain is affected by alcohol first?

A

Frontal cortex

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16
Q

What area of the brain is affected by alcohol last?

A

Brainstem/midbrain

17
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol in CNS

A

Addiction, Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, Wernicke’s Encephalopathy, cortical atrophy/dementia

18
Q

Symptoms of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

A

Confusion, loss of muscle coordination, ataxia, leg tremor, vision changes, nystagmus (chronic quivering of the eye), diplopia (seeing double), eyelid drooping

19
Q

Cause of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

A

Thiamine deficiency- supplement patients with this first before glucose!

20
Q

Is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy reversible?

A

Yes

21
Q

Symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

A

Antegrade amnesia, potentially severe memory loss, confabulation, hallucinations

22
Q

Cause of W-K Syndrome

A

Longstanding Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

23
Q

Is W-K Syndrome reversible?

A

No

24
Q

Chronic effects of alcohol on GI tract

A

Steatosis/fatty liver disease
Alcoholic hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Pancreatitis