Atypical sex chromosome patterns Flashcards

1
Q

Atypical sex chromosome patterns

A

Any sex chromosome pattern that deviates from the usual XX/XY formation and which tends to be associated with a distinct pattern of physical and psychological symptoms

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2
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome

A

A syndrome affecting males in which an individuals genotype has an extra X chromosome, characterised by a tall thin physique, small infertile testes, and enlarged breasts

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3
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome physical characteristics

A
  • Reduced body hair
  • Breast development
  • Softening/rounding body contours
  • Long gangly limbs
  • Underdeveloped genitals
  • Co-odination problems
  • General clumsiness
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4
Q

Klinefelter’s syndrome psychological characteristics

A
  • Poor language skills
  • Poor reading abilities
  • Passive and shy
  • Poor memory and problem solving abilities
  • Do not respond well to stressful situations
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5
Q

Who does Klinefelter’s affect

A

Male

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6
Q

What are chromosome patterns for someone with Klinefelters

A

XXY

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7
Q

Turner’s syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in which affected women have only one X chromosome, causing developmental abnormalities and infertility

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8
Q

Who does Turner’s affect

A

Female

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9
Q

Turner’s syndrome physical characteristics

A
  • Don’t have a menstrual cycle
  • Ovaries don’t develop- infertile
  • Don’t develop breasts at puberty
  • Broad shield chest
  • Low set ears
  • High waist to hip ratio
  • Appearance of pubescent girls
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10
Q

Turner’s syndrome psychological characteristics

A
  • Higher than average reading ability
  • Lower performance on spatial, visual memory and math ability tasks
  • Socially immature
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11
Q

What are the chromosome patterns for someone with Turner’s syndrome

A

XO

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12
Q

Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Nature-nurture debate

A

STRENGTH

Behavioural differences may indicate biological basis for gender

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13
Q

Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Nature-nurture debate counterpoint

A

LIMITATION

Differences may be due to social influences e.g. Turner’s individuals look immature so treated immaturely

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14
Q

Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Real-world application

A

STRENGTH

Early diagnosis means that doctors are more able to manage the condition in the future

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15
Q

Atypical sex chromosomes evaluation points- Sampling issue

A

LIMITATION

Prospective studies show fewer cognitive and psychological problems

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