attribution retraining, attitudes, prejudice, and aggression

Question 1

attribution retraining

Answer 1

a motivational strategy to improve performance

Question 2

attribution with depression

Answer 2

a self-defeating pattern of attributions plays a role in depression, a learned helplessness

Question 3

ABCDE Method

Answer 3

A- Adversity/Identify
B-Beliefs- attributions you make, can be positive or negative
C- Consequences
D- Disputations/Distractions: providing evidence in negative thinking
E- Energization: after change or getting he energy to move forward

Question 4

What are attitudes?

Answer 4

Evaluations of various aspects of the social world, positive or negative reactions to people, ideas, opinions, and objects

Question 5

Attitude ambivalence

Answer 5

mixed feelings

Question 6

Implicit attitudes

Answer 6

bias/underlying feelings

Question 7

Explicit attitudes

Answer 7

outside emotions, showed and expresses

Question 8

Prejudiced

Answer 8

Negative attitudes towards members of specific social groups, often time these attitudes can be formed without complete experience/exposure with the target group, can treat people differently/discriminatory acts

Question 9

classical conditioning

Answer 9

a conditioned response acquired following the painting of a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus

Question 10

instrumental/operant conditioning

Answer 10

attitudes of behaviors that are praised will be strengthened, if met with negative reactions it could be weakened

Question 11

observational learning

Answer 11

acquisition of attitudes by watching others/copying behaviors

Question 12

social comparison

Answer 12

process by which we compare ourselves to be sure whether our views are correct or not/look to others to act accordingly

Question 13

ABC model of attitudes

Answer 13

A- Affective: what you do
B- Behavioral: what you feel
C- Cognitive: what you think

Question 14

Knowledge

Answer 14

understanding of the social world, actions based on attitude

Question 15

Identify or value expression

Answer 15

who I am, identify our self-concept based on attitudes

Question 16

Impression motivation

Answer 16

want to be accepted, favorable impression on others, say stuff to fit in

Question 17

ego-defensive

Answer 17

protecting the ego/self

Question 18

prejudice attitudes

Answer 18

negative attitudes, emotionally driven, related to stereotyping and driscrimination

Question 19

prejudice triad

Answer 19

prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping

Question 20

stereotypes

Answer 20

over-generalizations of shared characteristics about social groups, function as schemas

Question 21

gender stereotypes

Answer 21

distinguishing traits of females and males

Question 22

us vs them

Answer 22

people easily divide the social world into us(in-group) versus them(out-group)

Question 23

group serving bias

Answer 23

your own group, usually more positive, serves the group

Question 24

ultimate attribution error

Answer 24

anyone in the out-group, usually negative, other actions serve a bias

Question 25

out group homogeneity

Answer 25

members of an out-group appear to be “all alike” or more similar to each other then any members of the in-group

Question 26

stereotypes change?

Answer 26

when relationships between groups and corresponding behaviors change, if in-group favoritism becomes socially unacceptable, when social values and unequal social conditions

Question 27

underlying prejudice actions

Answer 27

anger, guilt, disgust, fear and envy

Question 28

origins of prejudice

Answer 28

perceptions of threat are involved, self esteem or group interests, competition of scarce resources, self-categorization

Question 29

discrimination

Answer 29

differential behavior directed toward member(s) of different social groups

Question 30

modern racism

Answer 30

more subtle beliefs than blatant feelings of superiority

Question 31

hostile sexism

Answer 31

suggests that women are a threat to men’s position

Question 32

benevolent sexism

Answer 32

suggests that women are superior to men in various ways

Question 33

glass ceiling

Answer 33

barriers that prevent qualified females from advancing to top-level positions

Question 34

tokenism

Answer 34

can be effective strategy for deterring protest by disadvantaged groups

Question 35

heterosexual bias

Answer 35

assumption everyone ought to be heterosexual

Question 36

singlism

Answer 36

negative stereotyping and discrimination directed toward people who are single

Question 37

social learning view

Answer 37

prejudice is acquired through direct and vicarious experiences in much the same manner as other attitudes

Question 38

contact Hypothesis

Answer 38

view that increased contact between members of various social groups can be effective in reducing prejudice between them

Question 39

re-categorization

Answer 39

shifts in the boundaries between an in-group and some out-group, people in a former out-group now belong to the in-group and are viewed more favorably

Question 40

aggression

Answer 40

behavior directed toward the the goal of harming other

Question 41

role of biological factors

Answer 41

Freud’s death instinct: self sabotage, sabotage on other people
Lorenz fighting instinct: internally cause, perceive threat

Question 42

drive theories

Answer 42

external conditions that arouse the motive to harm or injure others, frustration

Question 43

aggression model

Answer 43

could be internally and externally caused, aggression is triggered by a wide range of input variables which influence arousal, affective states, and conditions

Question 44

reactive

Answer 44

outward expressions of anger and facteration through verbal and or physical ways

Question 45

direct

Answer 45

assertive behavior that defines the limits of what they are willing to do or not to do

Question 46

avoidant

Answer 46

allows own rights to be violated due to a belief that their feelings are not as important as others

Question 47

passive-aggressive