aggression and attraction Flashcards
type A behavior pattern
high level of competitiveness,aggression, time urgency, hostility
type B behavior pattern
relaxed, laid back, less driven, non-competitive
type C behavior pattern
pleasant, internalizes anger and anxiety, difficulty expressing emotions
Type H behavior pattern
assertive, goal-oriented, resilient, does not display attributes of hostility or aggression
Narcissism
react with high levels of aggression when feedback from others threatens their self-image
sensation seeking
show higher levels of both physical and verbal aggression compared to others, low level of arousal, lower stimulation
other personality traits
pro-aggressive, irritability, defensive attribution style ( me vs the world)
gender differences
overall males report engaging in more aggressive behavior then females
male aggression
more likely to use direct aggression
female aggression
more likely to use indirect forms of aggression
frustration
can elicit aggression when the cause is viewed as illegitimate or unjustified
provocation
actions that tend to trigger aggression due to malicious intent, a trigger
excitation transfer theory
more likely when not aware that they are experiencing residual arousal, residual arousal heightened after a situation
social learning perspective
people learn aggression through direct experience or by observing others: groups are targets, ways to harm others, what actions justify retaliation, and what situations permit aggression
exposure to media violence
can lead to a hostile expectation bias that others will behave aggressively, which causes individuals to act more aggressively
cultural factors in aggression
cultures in which there are strong norms indicating that aggression in an appropriate response to insults to one’s honor
alcohol consumption
participants in experiments who consumed alcohol behaved more aggressively and responded to provocations more strongly
catharsis hypothesis
express aggressive impulses in safe ways will reduce tendencies to engage in aggression
examples or methods
punishment, cognitive intentions, methods of relaxation, and a therapeutic approach
self statements : 4 stages of provocation
preparing: I can manage this situation
confronting: I don’t need to prove myself
coping: time to relax and slow things down
reflecting: it could have been a lot worse
interpersonal attraction
a person’s attitude about another person, ranging from liking to strongly disliked, interest or desire in another
need for affiliation
basic motivation to seek and maintain interpersonal relationships, look and establish bonds with each other
need to affiliate: individual differences
some prefer more time alone while others need more time for socialization, enduring personality trait
effect of the situation
an increase in affiliation needs is seen whens ones mortality is brought to mind, allows for us to engage in social comparison
pleasant or admirable traits
affection, strength, intellect, beauty, abilities
traits regardless of gender
kindness, honesty, intelligence, and humor
laugh and humor
can evoke positive emotions and increase attraction, break up discomfort
affect
a person’s emotional state; positive and negative feelings and moods, when we like someone it is because they elicit positive moods and can make you feel good
direction
whether an emotion is positive or negative
ambivalent
mixed feelings; you like but doesn’t make you feel good
direct influence
when someone compliments us we feel good, and it may lead to attraction, we feel bad when someone insults us
indirect influence
if another person is simply present you will feel attraction to them
physical attractiveness
the mixture of physical attributes evaluated as beautiful and handsome, we tend to respond positively to attractive people and negatively to unattractive people
universality of attractiveness
symmetry, differences between cultures
situational effects
contrast effect, dreaming attractiveness on a relative scale
halo effect
more attractive people are also assumed to have other positive qualities
physically attractive female leaders; political candidates
blond;dumb, baby face; inexperienced
appearance anxiety
more prevalent in women, intimidation when meeting new people
physical closeness of two people geographically
closer 2 people are physically the more likely they will experience frequent contact
mere exposure effect
frequent contact with a stimulus leading to increasingly positive evaluations of the stimulus
social media networks
eliminated the boundaries of geographically proximity, feelings of liberation and comfort interacting online, direct social contact, sense of support and satisfaction
negative effects of social media
twisted concept of what a friend is, more susceptible to depression, can cause jealousy anxiety and depression, lower subjective well-being
similarity-dissimilarity effect
people respond positively to others who they perceive as similar to them and negatively to those they perceive as dissimilar
balance theory
similarity and liking leads to balance a pleasant internal state
social comparison theory
validated news
predicted outcome value theory
initial communication seeks anticipated outcomes in forming a relationship
reciprocal liking
we tend to like those who like us
interpersonal relationships
an association of acquaintance between person’s that may range in duration form brief to enduring
attachment
secure:trust and esteem both high
fearful: negative actions towards the kid form caregiver
preoccupied:low esteem high trust
dismissing:high esteem low trust
relationships between and among siblings
mostly positive if siblings has a warm relationship with the parents, causes feeling soft rivalry hostility and affection 20% of adult siblings are never close to each other, tend to drift apart on childhood and come back in adulthood
