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Pharmacology II > Attraction, Love and Sex > Flashcards

Attraction, Love and Sex Flashcards

1
Q

Lust

A

General sexual desire

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2
Q

Attraction

A

Focus on a particular mate

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3
Q

Attachment

A

Instinct towards caretaking

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4
Q

Chemicals associated with

  1. Lust (2)
  2. Attachment (2)
  3. Attraction (4)
A
  1. Testosterone, estrogen
  2. Oxytocin, vasopressin
  3. Dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, nerve growth factor
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5
Q

2 functions of testosterone and estradiol

A

Sexual development in the brain

Development of secondary sexual characteristics

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6
Q

What is the difference in structure between testosterone and estradiol?

A

Testosterone has a methyl group that estradiol lacks

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7
Q

Lack of testosterone in castrated males has been linked to…

A

Aggressive behaviours
Risk taking
Higher energy levels
Higher libido

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8
Q

2 main things driving attraction

A

Sight

Olfaction

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9
Q

How is sight involved in attraction?

A

Seeing a beautiful person induces the mu-opioid receptors, our reward system
Dopamine

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10
Q

Androstadienone

A

Progesterone derivative
Secreted in men’s sweat
Effects endocrine levels, physiological arousal, content-dependent mood

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11
Q

How does serotonin affect mood?

A

By modulating the affinity of the platelet serotonin transporter

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12
Q

Limbic region

A

Includes the olfactory bulbs, hippocampus, and amygdala

Functions include emotion, behaviour, long term memory and olfaction

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13
Q

3 chemicals we release to get the initial feelings of love

A

Norepinephrine (racing heart and excitement)
Dopamine (bliss)
Phenylethylamine

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14
Q

Phenyethylamine

A

NT closely associated with intense passion and attraction
Its release increases dopamine and NOR
Controls the transition from lust to love
Chemically similar to amphetamines

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15
Q

Dopamine

A

Linked to pleasure, reward, and addiction
Reinforces the positive reaction associated with the activity/person
Similar to amphetamines

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16
Q

What part of the brain lights up from MRI when people in love see a picture of their significant others?

A

Frontal lobes saturated with dopamine receptors

17
Q

Oxytocin

A

Cuddling or bonding chemical
Levels rise in child-birth for mothers and fathers
Plays a role in various behaviours (orgasm, social recognition, pair bonding, anxiety, etc)
May promote ethnocentric behaviour, trusting, showing empathy for their group and suspicion/rejection of outsiders

18
Q

Vasopressin

A

Similar structure to oxytocin

Monogamy chemical in prairie voles

19
Q

Males expressing a variant of the AVPR1a receptor are more likely to…

A

Arginine vasopressin receptor 1a

More likely to express dissatisfaction in their relationship

20
Q

How does viagra work?

A

Inhibits cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5)
This is an enzyme that promotes degradation of cGMP, which regulates blood flow in the penis
Does not increase libido

21
Q

PT-141 or Bremelanotide

A

Causes sexual arousal and spontaneous erections
Activates melanocortin receptors in the hypothalamus
Modulates inflammation and limiting ischemia and causes erectogenesis
Directly increases sexual desire via the nervous system
Concerns about side effects to blood pressure

22
Q

Flibanserin

A

Boosts sexual desire in women
Has been rejected twice due to serious side effects
Increases dopamine levels in the brain
Not great efficacy

23
Q

Positive and negative effects on sex for

  1. cannabis
  2. alcohol
  3. cocaine
A
  1. Relaxes muscles and heightens sensitivity, may make you anxious and can eventually lower testosterone and estrogen
  2. Social lubricant, erectile dysfunction
  3. Heightens arousal, causes erectile dysfunction/hyperactive paranoia and cant relax/fall asleep
24
Q

Ecstasy/MDMA

A

Increases arousal, intense pleasure
Inhibits orgasm, decreases levels of lubrication
Short term: makes brain release serotonin, dopamine and NOR. Body also makes more oxytocin and vasopressin
Long term: depression of NTs

25
Q

Rohypnol

A

Flunitrazepam (benzodiazepine)
Roofies
Potent tranquilizer similar to valium
Drug produces a sedative effect, anterograde amnesia, muscle relaxation, and a slowing of psychomotor responses
Feeling of being drunk
Odorless and tasteless
When combined with alcohol or other drugs, slows the pulse and breathing leading to unconciousness, slowed heart rate, suppressed breathing, and possibly death

26
Q

Gamma Hydroxybutyric

A

Mimics the actions of GABA
General anesthetic, used to treat insomnia, depression, narcolepsy, alcoholism
Effects are comparable to alcohol and ecstasy (euphoria, disinhibition, enhanced sensuality, and empathogenic states)
Colourless and odorless

Pharmacology II (24 decks)

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