Attitudes, Social Cognition And Interpersonal Processes

Question 1

Factors that lead to interpersonal attraction.

Answer 1

Proximity, interpersonal rewards, similarity, physical attractiveness.

Question 2

Physiological arousal and absorption in another person.

Answer 2

Passionate love

Question 3

Deep affection and intimacy

Answer 3

Companionate love

Question 4

Tactics used in selecting mates.

Answer 4

Sexual strategies

Question 5

Behaviours that help other people with no apparent gain or with potential cost to oneself.

Answer 5

Altruism

Question 6

The doctrine that all behaviour is designed to increase one’s pleasure or reduce one’s own pain.

Answer 6

Ethical hedonism

Question 7

The phenomenon whereby people do not help in a crisis when they are in the presence of other people.

Answer 7

Bystander effect

Question 8

People act in ways that maximise their inclusive fitness and are more likely to behave altruistically towards ____ than others.

Answer 8

Relatives

Question 9

Verbal or physical behaviour aimed at harming another person or living being.

Answer 9

Aggression

Question 10

The effects of the presence of others on the way people think, feel and behave.

Answer 10

Social influence

Question 11

Compliance with authority.

Answer 11

Obedience

Question 12

Changing attitudes or behaviour to accommodate the standards of peers or a group.

Answer 12

Conformity

Question 13

The principle that asserts that people have a compelling need to return what has been done to them.

Answer 13

Principle of reciprocity

Question 14

The principle that asserts that people need to behave consistently with prior impressions that other people have made of them.

Answer 14

Principle of commitment

Question 15

The principle that asserts that we do things for people we like out of a sense of obligation so that they will continue to like us in return.

Answer 15

Principle of liking

Question 16

The theory that considers reward to be the reciprocal foundation of relationships.

Answer 16

Social exchange theory

Question 17

The theory that people pattern their adult love relationships on the mental models they constructed of earlier attachment relationships.

Answer 17

Attachment

Question 18

According to cognitive-social theories, the roots of aggressive behaviour lie in social —-

Answer 18

Rewards and punishments

Question 19

The theory that personal variables interact with situational inputs to determine aggressive output.

Answer 19

General aggression model (GAM)

Question 20

People lose their individual identities in a crowd and lose their ability to judge right from wrong.

Answer 20

Deindividuation

Question 21

Implicit and explicit expectations in which false impressions of a situation evoke behaviour, that in turn, make these impressions become true.

Answer 21

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 22

The presence of other people hurting or helping performance.

Answer 22

Social facilitation

Question 23

The theory that other people exert less effort in a group.

Answer 23

Social loafing

Question 24

Tasks in which there is a single yes/no answer.

Answer 24

Disjunctive task

Question 25

A group movement towards a decision that is at the extreme position.

Answer 25

Group polarisation

Question 26

Where people tend to be clustered together to be viewed more favourably by members of the group.

Answer 26

Group cohesiveness

Question 27

When members of a group make decisions based on maintaining group harmony rather than on a critical analysis of a situation.

Answer 27

Groupthink

Question 28

When we intentionally make a request that we know will be turned down, so that when we back down from our request, the other individual should reciprocate with a concession.

Answer 28

Foot in the door technique

Question 29

When you get another person to make a commitment to a request, and then they change the conditions of the request.

Answer 29

Low balling

Question 30

The idea that helping relieves the negative feelings aroused through empathy with a person in distress.

Answer 30

Empathic distress

Question 31

The theory that altruism is an adaptive strategy of the benefits to survival and reproduction outweigh the risks over time.

Answer 31

Reciprocal altruism

Question 32

In relationships, people consider the likely reciprocal reward to be the foundation of a relationship, with both partners wanting to maximise the value of their mate.

Answer 32

Social-exchange theory

Question 33

The phenomenon in which the presence of other people leads to a diminished sense of personal responsibility to act.

Answer 33

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 34

Hypothesis that states that aggressive behaviour arises from frustrated needs or desires.

Answer 34

Frustration-aggression hypothesis