attitudes and stereotypes

Question 1

implicit

Answer 1

involuntary and unconscious. individuals may be unaware that they hold a certain attitude until their actions reveal it

Question 2

explicit

Answer 2

individuals openly express their attitude and behave in a way that reflects the attitude they hold

Question 3

cognitive dissonance

Answer 3

feeling of mental discomfort when someone perceives contradicting information

Question 4

dispositional attributes

Answer 4

explanation in terms of personal characteristics

Question 5

example of dispositional attributes (name 2)

Answer 5

“he did good on the test because hes smart’
‘she tripped because shes clumsy”

Question 6

situational attributes

Answer 6

explanation in terms of situational factors

Question 7

example of situational attributes

Answer 7

“he did good on the test because the test was easy”
“she tripped because a squirrel ran infront of her”

Question 8

tripartite model names

Answer 8

affect (feeling and emotion)
behaviour (what we do)
cognition (our thoughts)

Question 9

stereotypes

Answer 9

oversimplified belief about an outgroup pertaining positive/negative thoughts about its members. its a form of social categorisation

Question 10

advantage of sterotypes

Answer 10

simpliys the world and reduces the amount of processing

Question 11

disadvantage of stereotypes

Answer 11

can lead to prejudice

Question 12

prejudice (what is it)

Answer 12

unjustifiable and negative attitude towards a group and its members e.g. sexist veiws, racist views

Question 13

prejudice (causes)

Answer 13

social categorisation: simply categorising groups into ‘us’ and ‘them’ can cause prejudice

intergroup competition:
prejudice can arise against people who are seen as a threat

social influence:
learning attitudes from important people in our lives, so if children believe their parents hold certain prejudice attitudes, they are likely to express it themselves whether or not the parents actually held the attitude

Question 14

how to reduce prejudice

Answer 14

contact hypothesis:
intergroup contact
superordinate goals
mutual interdependence
equal status contact

Question 15

subjective measures

Answer 15

captures opinions, makes it easier to statistically analyse

Question 16

example of subjective measures

Answer 16

likert and rating scales
checklist

Question 17

advantage of rating scales (subjective measures)

Answer 17

doesnt require a simple yes or no, but allows for a degree of opinions as well as no opinion at all

Question 18

disadvantage of rating scales
(subjective measures)

Answer 18

individuals may lie to themselves in positive spotlight

Question 19

individualist

Answer 19

culture value independence with each other to their own individualistic goals

Question 20

collectivist

Answer 20

culture value cooperation with each working towards the family or group goals

Question 21

intergroup contact - reduce prejudice

Answer 21

contact between members of different social groups

Question 22

superordinate goals - reduce prejudice

Answer 22

goals both groups want to achieve but can only be achieved if both groups work together

Question 23

mutual interdependence - reduce prejudice

Answer 23

when groups depend on each other to meet goals

Question 24

equal status contact

Answer 24

members of each group have equal power
interaction to relationship with another person or group who is on the same social level as you
similar histories and backgounds are emphasised and encouraged in order to increase the likelihood of reducing conflict