Attitudes And Behaviours

Question 1

Describe the affective component

Answer 1

Feelings and emotions about the object

Question 2

Describe the behaviour component

Answer 2

The way the attitude influences how we act or behave

Question 3

Describe the cognitive component

Answer 3

Involves belief/knowledge about an attitude object

Question 4

Describe the concious level of awareness

Answer 4

Everything we are thinking feeling sensing remembering or are aware of at this present particular moment

Question 5

Describe the pre concious level of awareness

Answer 5

Information at the back of the mind but can be brought to the concious mind by simply thinking about it

Question 6

Describe the unconscious level of awareness

Answer 6

Unaware of unconscious thoughts but still have influence on our concious thoughts and feelings. Holds unacceptabe thoughts and feelings experienced in back of mind

Question 7

Describe ID

Answer 7

Needs we are born with and help us survive such as hunger thirst and sleep (pleasure principal)

Question 8

Describe ego

Answer 8

Part of ID which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world (decision making component)

Question 9

Describe super ego

Answer 9

Part of the personality that judges the individuals thoughts feelings and actions according to the morals and ideas of the society in which they live (moral principal)

Question 10

How does classical conditioning work

Answer 10

Can be used to create positive emotional reactions to an object by associating positive feelings with the target object

Question 11

How does operant conditioning work

Answer 11

When an attitude forms because it has been reinforced through reward or a pleasant experience . As a result the person may develop a positive attitude towards something

Question 12

How does social learning form an attitude

Answer 12

Theory provides insight into 2 similar processes of conditioning that result in an affective attitude formation. A younger sibling observes behaviour of an older sibling that results in rewards or punishments influencing their own behaviour

Question 13

Describe how repeated exposure forms an attitude

Answer 13

Developing a preference for things just because you are familiar with them

Question 14

Culture in attitude formation

Answer 14

Attitude in a person can depend on where when and how they were raised

Question 15

Describe a defence mechanism

Answer 15

Being an aggressive person by nature so decides to channel those impulses in a constructive way by taking up boxing as a sport (displacement)

Question 16

Describe another defence mechanism

Answer 16

Shy person spends hours in the gym every week (compensation)

Question 17

Describe defence mechanism

Answer 17

Baker who does not remember face of robber that held them up at gunpoint (repression)

Question 18

Why does Freud suggest we use defence mechanisms

Answer 18

To protect ourselves from feeling Sid anxiety or guilt which arise because wif feeling threatened or because our id or superego becomes too demanding

Question 19

Psycho sexual stages: fixation

Answer 19

A preoccupation with an event happening during a psychosexual stage

Question 20

Psycho sexual stages: oral (mouth)

Answer 20

An infant can develop an oral fixation of it found the experience of being fed, too frustrating or too pleasurable. Infant then derives pleasure from oral stimulation

Question 21

Describe the oral stage and the ages

Answer 21

From birth to 1 years old, during this stage the infants primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth
Infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation througg activities such as sucking biting tasting
The child must become less dependent on caretakers. If fixation occurs at this age Freud believed the individual would have issues with dependency or aggression

Question 22

Describe the anal stage and ages

Answer 22

During the Amal stage (1-3) Freud believed the primary focus was on controlling bladder snd bowel movement, accord to Freud success at this stage is depend on the way in which parents toilet train. Positive experiences during the toilet training stage serve as the basis for people to become competent productive and creative

Question 23

Describe phalic stage and ages away

Answer 23

He suggests during this stage (3-6) the primary focus is on the genitals. At this age children also begin to discover differences between males and females.
Opendius complex- Feelings of the son wanting to possess the mother and desire to replace father

Electra complex- similar set of feelings for girls

Question 24

Latent stage and ages

Answer 24

During this stage 6- puberty the super ego continues to develop while the ids energies are suppressed.children develop social skills, values and relationships. Freud believed children could become stuck in this phase and can result in inability to form relationships as an adult

Question 25

Genital stage and ages

Answer 25

Puberty to death. During the final stage of psychosexual development the individual develops a strong sexual interest. This stage begins during puberty but lasts throughout the rest of life. Freud believed that the ego and super ego were fully formed and functioning at this point

Question 26

Describe memory processing

Answer 26

This theory believes that dreams work to transfer what we experienced throughout the day into our memory. The new pieces of information we pick up are supposedly organised in the brain while we dream in rem sleep

Question 27

Activation synthesis

Answer 27

The hypothesis suggests that dreams are created by changes in neuron activity that activates the brain stem during rem sleep

Question 28

Freud’s dream symbol

Answer 28

Freud thinks dream content is derived but not identical to real life. This he suggested that some transformation and connection must exist between these materials he stated that the latent dream is the real dream and the goal of dream interpretation is to reveal it