Attitudes

Question 1

Meta analysis TPB

Answer 1

(e.g. Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran & Taylor, 1999). For a wide range of behaviours, attitudes towards behaviours correlated highly with intentions, with a mean range of 0.45 to 0.60. The correlation between subjective norms and the prediction of intentions ranged from 0.34 to 0.42, and for perceived behavioural control the correlations ranged from 0.63 to 0.71 (Ajzen, 2005).

Question 2

attitude accessibility important because

Answer 2

attitudes as intrinsic cognitive models —> making those accessible can lead to formation of behavioural intent

Question 3

meta-analysis - variables that increase accessibility

Answer 3

greater amount of thought about object, greater attitude expression more direct behavioural experience

Question 4

critque TPB

Answer 4

learnt perspective ( habits ) affective framework ( baseline influencing control + accessibility)

inclusion of anticipated affect in the prediction equation accounted for an additional 7 % variance of intent , 1 % variance of behaviour

Question 5

Fazio and Williams accessibility

Answer 5

relationship between political attitudes and voting behaviour significantly increased amongst individuals whose attitudes were easily accessible – this was operationalised by the latency of response to the question asking about the participants’ attitudes – measured attitudes toward each of the two candidates for the 1984 presidential election (Reagan and Mondale) – both the attitude-perception and the attitude-behaviour relations were moderated by attitude accessibility

Question 6

meta-analysis attitude accessibility

Answer 6

large meta-analysis of over 4,500 participants showed that more accessible attitudes led to more predictable behaviour – variables that were used to increase attitude accessibility included inducing a greater amount of thought about the object, greater number of expressions of the attitude and more direct behavioural experience with the object
o Only included studies that focused on new attitudes in order to control for existing attitudes so the findings are more likely to reflect the conditions implemented by the experimenters – the lack of extraneous variables increases the validity.

Question 7

attitude and specificity link

Answer 7

att can predict behaviour if :

• specificity of attitude and behaviour comparable

Question 8

general problem within attitude behaviour literature

Answer 8

attempt to predict specific behaviours from general attitudes

or general attitudes from specific behaviours

Question 9

longitudinal questionaire experiments

Answer 9

examine attitude and norm perception of exercise and sun protection

1) attitude-behaviour link was modified by the perceived norms of a relevant reference group but only if the group was important for social identity

people that identified least –> strongest perceived behavioural control + control of behaviour = acting according to attitude

2) similar results ; effect of group norms on intent forming was higher for high identifiers than low ones

Question 10

what does the attitude norms identity interaction longitudinal experiment reveal

Answer 10

More likely to express themselves as behaviour if the attitudes are normative properties of a salient reference group with which people identify

TPB - flexibility ascribed to circumstances in the attidue behaviour link