Attitudes Flashcards
Holland, van Knippenberg & Verplaken
“On the nature of attitude-behavior relations: the strong guide the weak follow”
Hypothesis
- attitude-behavior sequence hold for strong attitudes
- behavior-attitude sequence hold for weak attitudes
Holland, van Knippenberg & Verplaken
“On the nature of attitude-behavior relations: the strong guide the weak follow”
Method
Session1: measured attitude & attitude strengths tw. Greenpeace
Session2: opportunity to donate for GP & measurement of attitudes
Holland, van Knippenberg & Verplaken
“On the nature of attitude-behavior relations: the strong guide the weak follow”
Results
ATTITUDE->BEHAVIOUR
- strong attitudes are more predictive for behaviour
(the stronger the at. the more they donated)
BEHAVIOUR->ATTITUDE
-weak attitudes are strongly influenced by behaviour
(I donated but I thought I dont like GP, so I must like GP)
-> cognitive dissonance & self-perception
Rasinski, Geers & Czopp
“I guess what he said wasn’t so bad. - Dissonance in Nonconfronting Targets of Prejudice”
Aim of Paper
examine experience & reduction of cog. dissonance as a result of failure to confront in interpersonal situations involving prejudice
Rasinski, Geers & Czopp
“I guess what he said wasn’t so bad. - Dissonance in Nonconfronting Targets of Prejudice”
Study1: Method & Result
o Female participants said how important confronting is to them (strong/weak attitude)
o Female works with male confederates on a project, one of them makes sexist comments
-> Those who did not confront the man about comments rated him more positive to reduce dissonance (dissonance was great when attitude about confronting was strong)
Rasinski, Geers & Czopp
“I guess what he said wasn’t so bad. - Dissonance in Nonconfronting Targets of Prejudice”
Study2: Method & Result
o Similar to study 1, but now half of the participants completed a self-affirmation test right after working with Confederate
- > without self-affirmation test: same results as in study 1; participants with self-affirmation test did not rate the confederate more positively because they thought about their positive traits before and with that they reduced their dissonance
- People often do not confront because they are afraid of being disliked but they have an inner need to confront
- If they did not confront, they needed to justify themselves either by more positive evaluation of male confederate or by devaluing the importance they assigned to confronting prejudice
Das, Vonkeman &Hartmann
“Mood as a resource in dealing with health recommendations: How mood affects information processing and acceptance of quit-smoking messages”
Background
threatening health messages: confrontation with harmful consequences of behavior
-> fear, anxiety, & threat to self-concept
= defensive response: maintain positive self-image
mood-as-resource hypothesis
=positive mood provides a resource to deal with short-term negative consequences of message
Das, Vonkeman &Hartmann
“Mood as a resource in dealing with health recommendations: How mood affects information processing and acceptance of quit-smoking messages”
Aim of Study
effects on mood in processing infos vary with self-relevance & arguments strength
-> persuasion due to positive mood & arguments strength
Das, Vonkeman &Hartmann
“Mood as a resource in dealing with health recommendations: How mood affects information processing and acceptance of quit-smoking messages”
Results
- positive mood: systematic processing (weak & strong argument distinguishing)
- promotes global, flexible, intuitive info
- positive change in behavior requires acknowledgment & self-affirmation
- negative mood: promotes systematic, narrow, focused infos
Das, Vonkeman &Hartmann
“Mood as a resource in dealing with health recommendations: How mood affects information processing and acceptance of quit-smoking messages”
Hedonic-contingency assumption
= positive mood induces systematic processing of uplifting messages & heuristic processing of aversive, unpleasant messages
-> hold for low relevance messages
