Attitudes

Question 1

Attitudes for an object involve what 3 things:

Answer 1

An evaluative summary of the object
An object label for definition
A knowledge structure

Question 2

What are the 4 behavioural theories for forming attitudes?

Answer 2

Mere exposure
Classical conditioning
Instrumental (operant) conditioning
Observational Learning

Question 3

What are the 3 cognitive theories of attitude formation?

Answer 3

Information integration theory (averaging)
Mood as information hypothesis
Heuristic/associative processing

Question 4

_______________ theory argues that we infer attitudes from our own behaviour

Answer 4

Self perception theory

Question 5

What is a source where attitudes come from?
A Parents B Mass media C television D all of the above

Answer 5

D all of them

Question 6

Attitudes can be measured using what 4 methods?

Answer 6

Attitude scales
Physiological measures
Indirect measures
Direct measures

Question 7

Explicit/ direct measures involve __________________, whereas implicit/indirect measures may involve _______________________

Answer 7

Self report to measure attitudes directly
Implicit associations task or evaluative priming

Question 8

Evaluative priming for implicit measures have poor__________

Answer 8

reliability

Question 9

Implicit measures have a predictive power/correlation of r = ______, whereas explicit measures have a predictive power/reliability of r=____.

Answer 9

Implicit = r = 0.27
Explicit = r = 0.36

Question 10

When evaluating implicit vs explicit measures of attitudes, which is true
A Explicit measures are always better B Implicit measures are always better C They help measure different things so are both valuable D They are both poor measures

Answer 10

C They help measure different things

Question 11

Explicit measures are more predictive of __________behaviour, whereas implicit measures are more predictive of __________behaviour

Answer 11

Deliberate Behaviour
Spontaneous Behaviour

Question 12

The elaboration likelihood model contains the __________route and the _______ route

Answer 12

Central and peripheral

Question 13

Dual models of processing, like the elaboration likelihood model, contain _____________ processing and ___________processing.

Answer 13

Systematic Processing
Heuristic Processing

Question 14

Systematic and Heuristic processing can operate simultaneously, true or false?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Persuasion is based on _______ (source) says ______ (message) to ________(audience)

Answer 15

WHO says WHAT to WHOM

Question 16

The effectiveness of fear in persuasion is best explained by
A High fear is always more powerful at persuading B low fear is always more powerful at persuading C the inverted u hypothesis D None of the above

Answer 16

C inverted U

Question 17

Fear provoking messages on climate change made messages more __________, whereas positive messages on climate change lead to ___________

Answer 17

Fear = more memorable
Positive = optimism

Question 18

Gain framing is useful for _________ risk behaviour, loss framing is useful for _______ risk behaviour

Answer 18

Gain = low risk
Loss = high risk

Question 19

What two groups of people are most succeptible to persuasion?

Answer 19

Women and people with low self esteem

Question 20

Cognitive dissonance refers to the tension caused by a difference between ________________ and ___________.

Answer 20

An individuals beliefs
vs
Current behaviour

Question 21

What is the main solution to reducing dissonance if we cant change past behaviour?

Answer 21

altering attitudes