Attention Flashcards
What is an endogenous source
Stimuli in the mind, intentional, and “top-down”
What is an external target
Sensory info in the environment: a sensory modality, spatial location, feature or object
What is an internal target
A mental representation in the mind: a memory, imagery, or plan
What is overt attention
Involves actual movement of the sensory surface: moving the eyes
What is covert attention
Does not involve actual movement
What is transient attention
Momentary focus on something
What is sustained focus
Prolonged focus on something (more than a glance, maybe a few minutes)
What is the early selection model of attention
Low-level gating mechanism to filter out irrelevant information before completion of sensory and perceptual analysis
What is the late model of attention
All stimuli are processed through perceptual and sensory processing before any selection occurs
What are the 3 ERP response phases to a brief tone stimulus
- Brainstem evoked responses evoked in auditory brainstem nuclei
- Early cortical mid latency responses in primary auditory cortex
- Low frequency late waves (higher-order) in secondary and association auditory cortices
Attending to the left side of visual stimuli will cause increase in which side of the occipital cortex
The right side
What is biased competition
When multiple stimuli are presented in the visual field, their cortical representation in the temporal lobe compete to inhibit one another
What is reentrant processing
Attention related activity returns to the same low level sensory areas that were initially activated
What is the lateral occipital lobe involved in
The analysis of visual objects
What is supramodal attention
Cognitive processes that are invoked jointly across modalities
What is multisensory integration
The brain’s tendency to link simultaneously occurring stimuli from different modalities into a multisensory object
A lesion to what area most commonly causes attention deficit
The right inferior parietal lobe
What is an exogenous source
Stimuli that is in the environment, reflexive, automatic, and “bottom-up”
What is Balint’s Syndrome
Simultanagnosia: patients can attend to one or more object “part” or quality, but only when the parts are embodied on the same object
In what areas does voluntary orientation of attention increase activity
Frontoparietal network, the insular cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex
Initial general processing and interpretation of a cue occurs in which portion of the frontopatietal network
The lateral portions
Where is the lateral intraparietal area located in the Intraparietal sulcus
The LIP is in the IPS in the frontal eye fields in the dorsal Frontal cortex
What’s does LIP neurons firing implicate
The planning and covert movement of the eyes to a target spatial location
What is the key determinant to LIP enhanced activity
Stimulus salience: how much it stands out
What is the premotor theory of attention
Shifts of attention and preparation of goal directed action are closely linked because they’re both controlled by shared sensory-motor mechanisms
What is preparatory bias
Increased activity in the visual cortex without any stimulus yet due to top-down neural signals from frontopatietal network
What is the function of the temporoparietal junction
Triggering of stimulus driven shifts of spatial attention
What is Treisman’s feature integration theory
It conceptualizes the perceptual system as being organized as a set of feature maps
How are individual features processed in a feature search
Rapidly, in parallel, and number of distracters is irrelevant for pop out stimuli
How are conjunction features processed
Slowly, serially, and number of distracters matters
How are the 2 main systems of cortical control of attention divided
Endogenous attention: intraparietal cortex and superior frontal cortex
Exogenous attention: temporoparietal junction and ventral frontal cortex
What performance is the dorsal frontopatietal network related to
Behavioural performance
Which cortex is a key player in general control of keeping track of goals and coordinating processes of other brain areas
The frontal cortex
Stimulating which brain regions cause wakefulness
Neurons of the midbrain and pons
What are the 2 streams that higher-order visual processing is divided into
Ventral running to the temporal lobe (what pathway) and dorsal for stimulus location (where pathway)
Where is the activity seen of blindsight patients
Extrastriate regions past the primary visual cortex
