Attatchment Booklet 2

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

Learning by reinforcement

Question 2

2 types of reinforcement

Answer 2

Positive and negative

Question 3

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 3

Behaviour results in the addition of something pleasant

Question 4

Example of positive reinforcement

Answer 4

Baby smiles so mother smiles back

Question 5

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 5

Behaviour results in the subtraction of something unpleasant

Question 6

Example of negative reinforcement

Answer 6

Baby cerys mother picks it up to stop crying

Question 7

Classical conditioning

Answer 7

Associating two stimulus

Question 8

Explain classical conditioning

Answer 8

Food acts as unconditioned stimulus, we learn unconditioned response, mother gets food

Question 9

2 strengths of classical and operant conditioning

Answer 9

Schaffer and Emerson suggests attachments form with mother because they are primary career 65% of kids had primary attachment with mother

Can explain certain aspects of attachment, attention and responsiveness can assist attachment

Question 10

2 negatives of classical and operant conditioning

Answer 10

Harlow study distinctively went for comfort over food biological explanation

attachments were more likely to form with those who responded accurately to baby’s signals not the person who spent most time with them

Reductionist

Question 11

What is Monotropy

Answer 11

Bowlby believed that infants formed significant attachments to form the Heirachy of attachments this bond forms the foundation for emotional development

Question 12

What is adaptive and innate

Answer 12

Bowlby believes that infants have an innate drive to become attached because it has long te benefits, ut ensures infants stay close to caregiver for protection and food

Question 13

What is imprinting

Answer 13

Innate readiness to form an attachment with the mother, takes place in sensitive period

Question 14

What is sensitive period

Answer 14

Crucial period of tome for attachments to form as they are innate, believed to be at the age of 2 and a half

Question 15

Ehat is the social releaser

Answer 15

Characteristics that elicit care giving, coukd be smiling and crying

Question 16

What is a secure base

Answer 16

Protection is vital in attachment, acts as a point where a child can explore surroundings, this is part of independence

Question 17

What is a internal working model

Answer 17

Group of concepts a child learns in regards to wgst to expect from a relationship, developed in early childhood and is created by attachments the child has

Question 18

What is continuity hypothesis

Answer 18

The idea that there is a link between early attachments and later emotional behaviour, those with a secure attachment will be emotionally competent

Question 19

2 strengths of bowl ya theory

Answer 19

bowlby said children suffered long term emotional effects if they suffered maternal deprivation, Harlows monkeys instinctively went for comfort

Hazard and shaver love quiz says no early attachment = difficult to form attachment in love later, inner working model had life long effects

Question 20

2 weaknesses of bowlbys theory

Answer 20

Underestimates father as it says mother is primary career, Schaffer and Emerson stage father can be equally as important

Culture bound (ethnocentric) developed using western norms, mother isn’t always primary career so results can’t be generalised to other cultures ‘child of its time’ outdated, bowlby has limited relevance