Attatchment Booklet 2 Flashcards
Operant conditioning
Learning by reinforcement
2 types of reinforcement
Positive and negative
What is positive reinforcement
Behaviour results in the addition of something pleasant
Example of positive reinforcement
Baby smiles so mother smiles back
What is negative reinforcement
Behaviour results in the subtraction of something unpleasant
Example of negative reinforcement
Baby cerys mother picks it up to stop crying
Classical conditioning
Associating two stimulus
Explain classical conditioning
Food acts as unconditioned stimulus, we learn unconditioned response, mother gets food
2 strengths of classical and operant conditioning
Schaffer and Emerson suggests attachments form with mother because they are primary career 65% of kids had primary attachment with mother
Can explain certain aspects of attachment, attention and responsiveness can assist attachment
2 negatives of classical and operant conditioning
Harlow study distinctively went for comfort over food biological explanation
attachments were more likely to form with those who responded accurately to baby’s signals not the person who spent most time with them
Reductionist
What is Monotropy
Bowlby believed that infants formed significant attachments to form the Heirachy of attachments this bond forms the foundation for emotional development
What is adaptive and innate
Bowlby believes that infants have an innate drive to become attached because it has long te benefits, ut ensures infants stay close to caregiver for protection and food
What is imprinting
Innate readiness to form an attachment with the mother, takes place in sensitive period
What is sensitive period
Crucial period of tome for attachments to form as they are innate, believed to be at the age of 2 and a half
Ehat is the social releaser
Characteristics that elicit care giving, coukd be smiling and crying
What is a secure base
Protection is vital in attachment, acts as a point where a child can explore surroundings, this is part of independence
What is a internal working model
Group of concepts a child learns in regards to wgst to expect from a relationship, developed in early childhood and is created by attachments the child has
What is continuity hypothesis
The idea that there is a link between early attachments and later emotional behaviour, those with a secure attachment will be emotionally competent
2 strengths of bowl ya theory
bowlby said children suffered long term emotional effects if they suffered maternal deprivation, Harlows monkeys instinctively went for comfort
Hazard and shaver love quiz says no early attachment = difficult to form attachment in love later, inner working model had life long effects
2 weaknesses of bowlbys theory
Underestimates father as it says mother is primary career, Schaffer and Emerson stage father can be equally as important
Culture bound (ethnocentric) developed using western norms, mother isn’t always primary career so results can’t be generalised to other cultures ‘child of its time’ outdated, bowlby has limited relevance
