Attachment Types: Cultural Variations Flashcards
Who conducted cross-cultural research?
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
What did they do?
Conducted a meta-analysis of 32 studies of attachment in 8 different countries
What were the different percentages for USA?
- Secure: 65%
- Resistant: 14%
- Avoidant: 21%
What was the possible explanation for USA behaviour types?
Regular close contact encouraged between parents and children, but clingy or attention seeking behaviour is discouraged
What were the different percentages for Germany?
- Secure: 57%
- Resistant: 8%
- Avoidant: 35%
What was the possible explanation for Germany behaviour types?
Independence is valued, proximity seeking not encouraged
What were the different percentages for Israel?
- Secure: 64%
- Resistant: 29%
- Avoidant: 7%
What was the possible explanation for Israel behaviour types?
Communal care in kibbutz means that babies are used to different caregivers
What were the different percentages for Japan?
- Secure: 68%
- Resistant: 27%
- Avoidant: 5%
What was the possible explanation for Japan behaviour types?
Mother and child rarely separated
What is they conclude?
Secure attachment is the most common type of attachment, however cultural variations in parenting styles afffect attachment types
