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CH - Y12 - ALevel Psych C4 > Attachment: Ainsworth’s SS - Types Of Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment: Ainsworth’s SS - Types Of Attachment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of ‘the strange situation’ ?

A

To assess the strength / type of attachment

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2
Q

‘The strange situation’ used what type of observational method?

A

Controlled observation

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3
Q

What was Ainsworth’s sample when testing the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

100 middle-class American infants and their mothers (CG’s)

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4
Q

What four behaviour categories were measured in Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Willingness to Explore
Separation Anxiety
Stranger Anxiety
Reunion Behaviour

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5
Q

How did Ainsworth observe the infants behaviour in each episode?

A

Through a two-way mirror

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6
Q

How many episodes were involved in the ‘strange situation’

A

7

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7
Q

How long did each episode last in Ainsworth’s strange situation?

A

3 minutes

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8
Q

What occurred in the first episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

CG enters room with the INFANT, and the INFANT explores for 3 mins

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9
Q

What was the first episode of ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Willingness to explore

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10
Q

What occurred in the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

A stranger enters and joins the CG and INFANT and tries to interact with the INFANT

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11
Q

What was the second episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger anxiety

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12
Q

How was stranger anxiety measured in the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Having a stranger enter the room

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13
Q

What occurred in the third episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

CG leaves the infant with the stranger

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14
Q

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger and separation anxiety

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15
Q

What occurred in the fourth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

CG returns and the stranger leaves

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16
Q

How was reunion behaviour measured in the ‘strange situation’

A

By having the CG return

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17
Q

What occurred in the fifth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

CG leaves the INFANT alone

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18
Q

What was the third episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Seperation anxiety

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19
Q

What occurred in the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’

A

The stranger returns

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20
Q

What is the sixth episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Stranger anxiety

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21
Q

What occurred in the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Parent returns and stranger leaves

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22
Q

What was the seventh episode of the ‘strange situation’ measuring?

A

Reunion behaviour

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23
Q

“EP3 : The parent leaves the infant with the stranger”

What is this episode measuring?

A

Stranger and seperation anxiety

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24
Q

“EP1 : Parent enters the room with child, and the child explores”

What is this episode measuring?

A

Willingness to explore

25
Q

What 3 types of attachment were identified in the ‘strange situation’ ?

A

Secure

Insecure avoidant

Insecure resistant

26
Q

Describe a secure infants exploration behaviour

A

Willing to explore - but uses mother as secure base

27
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to separation

A

Upset / subdued when mother leaves

OR

High levels of seperation anxiety

28
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to a stranger when alone

A

Avoidant of stranger

OR

Shows high stranger anxiety

29
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction to a stranger when with their caregiver

A

Friendly when caregiver present

30
Q

Describe a secure infants reaction when reunited with their caregiver

A

Positive / happy with mother returns

31
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing a securely attached infant?

A

Responsive

32
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants exploration behaviour

A

Willing to explore environment

33
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to seperation

A

Unconcerned by mothers absence

34
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to a stranger

A

Unconcerned, but often avoidant

35
Q

Describe an insecure-avoidant infants reaction to reunion

A

Unresponsive / unconcerned

36
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-avoidant attachment type ?

A

Unresponsive

37
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants exploration behaviour

A

Low willingness to explore

38
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to seperation

A

Intensely distressed

OR

High seperation anxiety

39
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to strangers

A

Extreme fear of strangers

OR

High stranger anxiety

40
Q

Describe an insecure-resistant infants reaction to reunion

A

Clinginess mixed with rejection

41
Q

What type of caregiver is associated with producing an infant with an insecure-resistant attachment type ?

A

Inconsistent

42
Q

AO3: How could we criticise the method used by Ainsworth’s ‘strange situation’

A

Lacks ecological validity

43
Q

What 2 elements of Ainsworth’s procedure is standardised?

A

The order of each episode

OR

The length of each episode (3 mins)

44
Q

Which attachment type is unconcerned by a mothers absence?

A

Insecure-avoidant

45
Q

Which attachment type is extremely fearful of strangers?

A

Insecure - resistant

46
Q

Which attachment type would show positive behaviours when reunited with their mother

A

Secure

47
Q

Which attachment type would display low willingness to explore their environment?

A

Insecure resistant

48
Q

How do we criticise the strange situation TOOL?

A

Imposed epic

49
Q

Why is the Strange Situation criticised for imposed etic?

A

Focus on American child rearing practices, ignoring other cultures

50
Q

What do caregivers in Germany encourage/find desirable in their infants?

A

Independence

51
Q

What attachment type are German infant most likely to show in the Strange situation?

A

Insecure avoidant

52
Q

If the strange situation TOOL can be criticised for imposed etic, is it appropriate to use in other cultures when assessing attachment types?

A

May not be appropriate to use the SS as a way of assessing attachment types in other cultures

53
Q

Who conducted RTS to support Ainsworths Strange situation?

A

Van Ijzendoorn

54
Q

What did Van Ijzendoorn do?

A

Replicated the SS in the US

55
Q

What did Van Ijzendoorn find?

A

consistent findings with Ainsworths strange situation observations

56
Q

State the findings that Van Ijzendoorn found

A

SECURE - 65%
INSECURE AVOIDANT - 21%
INSECURE RESISTANT - 14%

57
Q

Why does Ainsworths research lack ecological validity?

A

Takes place in a controlled environment (room with a two way mirror)

58
Q

Why is it difficult for us to generalise Ainsworths findings to real life attachment types ?

A

The infant may not behave how they usually do in their natural environment as it is unfamiliar/new

59
Q

What does research to SUPPORT always increase?

A

The validity of MP to BP

CH - Y12 - ALevel Psych C4 (27 decks)

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