Attachment Flashcards
Who said interactional synchrony can be defined as ‘the coordinations of micro-level behaviour’?
Feldman (2007).
Meltzof and Moore (1977)?
Observed the beginnings of interactional synchrony in infants as young as 2 weeks old.
Isabella et al. (1989)?
High levels of synchrony were associated with better quality mother-infant attachment.
Brazelton et al. (1975)?
Described reciprocity as a ‘dance’.
What did Gratier (2003) find about studies into caregiver-infant interactions?
Many studies have shown the same patterns of behaviour.
Feldman (2012)?
Interactional synchrony simply describes behaviours that occur at the same time.
Crotwell et al. (2013)?
10 minute Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) improved interactional synchrony in 20 low-income mothers and their pre-school infants.
What did Schaffer and Emerson (1964) find about primary attachment figures?
Majority are mothers =
- 3% was the father.
- 27% father and mother.
Field (1978)?
Filmed 4-month-old babies =
- found primary caregivers spent more time smiling, imitating and holding infants than secondary caregivers.
Grossman (2002)?
Fathers as secondary figures = important in play and stimulation for child’s development.
McCallum and Golombok (2004)?
Children in single/same-sex families don’t develop differently from those of 2 parents.
Who did the stages of attachment?
Schaffer.
Who conducted the ‘Glasgow babies’ study?
Schaffer and Emerson (1964).
What does Bowlby (1969) say about the assessment of multiple attachments?
Children may be distressed when a playmate leaves the room, but this does not signify attachment to them.
Van Ijzendoorn (1993)?
Multiple attachments appear in cultures where multiple attachments are the norm (collectivist).
Geese study?
Lorenz (1952).
Monkey study?
Harlow (1958).
Guiton (1966)?
Chicks imprinted of yellow gloves and would try to mate with them.
Who said Harlow’s research has helped social workers identify child abuse and when to intervene?
Howe (1998).
Dollard and Miller (1950)?
Learning theory (classical + operant conditioning).
Who opposed ‘cupboard love’?
Schaffer and Emerson (1964) =
food isn’t an important factor in the development of attachment.
Who said that attachment is learned indirectly; through watching your parents hug them and other family members?
Hay and Vespo (1988) =
called this ‘modelling’ –> SLT.
Date of Bowlby’s theory of attachment?
1958, 1969.
How do Schaffer and Emerson oppose Bowlby’s theory?
Attachment isn’t monotropic =
- found infants made secondary attachments.
What evidence supports the existence of social releasers?
Brazleton et al. (1975) =
- asked primary figures to ignore babies social releasers.
- babies showed distress and eventually curled up and lay motionless.
Bailey et al. (2007)?
Studied 99 mothers;
- those with poor attachment to own parents were more likely to have a own poor attachment to a 1 year-old.
How do feminists criticise Bowlby’s theory?
Burman (1994) =
- mothers are to blame due to ‘laws of accumulated separation’.
Kagan (1982)?
some babies are more anxious/sociable than others due to their genetic make-up.
Who conducted the Strange Situation’?
Ainsworth (1969).
What did Kokkinos (2007) say that insecure-resistant attachment is associated with?
The worst outcomes (e.g. bullying).
What did Ward et al. (2006) say that insecure-resistant attachment is associated with?
Adult mental health problems.
How does Takahashi (1990) criticise the Strange Situation?
Culture bond =
- Japanese mothers are rarely separated from infants, so the infants show high levels of separation anxiety.
How does Kagan (1982) criticise the Strange Situation?
Temperament may be an important influence on behaviour in the Strange Situation.
Main and Solomon (1986)?
Some children display atypical attachments that do not fit types A, B or C (disorganised attachments).
2 key studies into cultural variations in attachment?
1). Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) =
