Attachment

Question 1

Rutter et al

Answer 1

100 Romanian orphans, assessed at 4,6,11 years old. Adopted by British family before 6 months old same as UK adopted children. After 6months thy had problems with peers and showed disinhibited attachments. Concluded if child given opportunity to form attachments consequences less severe.

Question 2

The case study of Czech twins

Answer 2

Locked up for 7 years by step mother, could not talk when first found. Cared for by sisters, by the age of 14 near normal social/intellectual functioning. By age of 20 above average intellect and good relationships. Suggests they were young enough to recover form privation.

Question 3

What is meant by attachment?

Answer 3

An emotional bond, two way process, leads to behaviours such as proximity seeking and clinging.

Question 4

What is privation ?

Answer 4

Lack of having any attachments due to failure to develop such attachments during early life.

Question 5

Evaluation of Rutter et al.

Answer 5

Last assessment at 11 years old, not clear how affects of attachment extend into adult life. It could just be that ex-institutional children need more time to mature.

Question 6

Evaluation of Hodges and Tizard

Answer 6

Can’t be certain no attachments formed, later problems due to feelings of rejection.
Natural experiment high ecological validity, real problem and situation can be generalised to a larger populations than the case studies

Question 7

Secure attachment features

Answer 7

Willing to explore,
High stranger anxiety, 
Some separation anxiety, 
Easily soothed,
Enthusiastic on reunion.

Question 8

Features of insecure avoidant attachment

Answer 8

Not willing to explore,
Low stranger anxiety,
Indifferent to separation anxiety,
Avoids contact on reunion.

Question 9

Insecure resistant attachment

Answer 9

Not willing to explore,
High stranger anxiety,
Distressed at separation,
Seeks and rejects at reunion.

Question 10

NICHD

Answer 10

Longitudinal study of 1000 children from diverse families and 10 locations.
Children and parents assessed at regular intervals. At the age of five found more time children spent in day care parents rated them as assertive, disobedient and aggressive. Found children in day care 3 times more likely to have behaviour problems. ( arguing, hitting, lying)

Question 11

Hodges and Tizard

Answer 11

Longitudinal study, on children place in a institution before the age of 4 months old. Formed no attachments. Assessed at regular intervals until 16 years old. Matched with a control group in age and gender. Adopted strong family relationships, weaker peer than control. Others poor relationships, concluded children can recover from early maternal deprivation in quality loving environment.