Attachment

Question 1

Temperament hypothesis

Answer 1

The view that attachment type an be explained in terms of an infants innate emotional type rather than the sensitivity of the attachment figure

Question 2

Privation

Answer 2

The failure to develop any attachments during early life due to a lack of care from a primary caregiver

Question 3

Failure to form attachment

Answer 3

same as privation, no attachments

Question 4

Disruption of attachment

Answer 4

Child has formed an attachment bond with a primary care giver, but it is broken eg by the mother going into hospital

Question 5

Institutional care

Answer 5

Ia place dedicated to a particular task, such as caring for children waiting for adoption, caring for the mentally ill or looking after those in hospitals. It refers to long term situations, as opposed to day care or outpatient care where the people go home everyday.

Question 6

Day care

Answer 6

A form of child care that is not overnight. Offered at a non home location or by an adult providing care in their own or the child’s home. Eg childminding or day nurseries

Question 7

Social development

Answer 7

The development of sociability, where child learns to relate to others and learn the skills necessary to function in society. How it relates to its peers and whether it becomes aggressive

Question 8

Peer relations

Answer 8

Child ability to relate to people of its own age

Question 9

Aggressive behaviour

Answer 9

Anti social behaviour, tantrums, hit other children, name call, bully

Question 10

Attachment

Answer 10

An emotional bond between two people that endures over time. Leads to certain behaviours such as clinging and proximity seeking. Serves the function to protect an infant.

Question 11

Primary attachment figure

Answer 11

The person who has formed the closest bond with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. This is usually the biological mother

Question 12

Learning theory

Answer 12

The name given to a group of explanations which explain behaviour in terms of learning rather than any inborn tendencies or higher order thinking

Question 13

Innate

Answer 13

Characteristics that are inborn, a product of genetic factors

Question 14

Continuity hypothesis

Answer 14

The idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting, and socially confident adults

Question 15

Imprinting

Answer 15

An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with a mother figure, which takes place in a critical or sensitive period

Question 16

Internal working model

Answer 16

A mental model of the world that enables individuals to predict and control their environment

Question 17

Monotropy

Answer 17

The idea that the one relationship that the infant has with their primary attachment figure is of special significance in emotional development

Question 18

Sensitive period

Answer 18

A biologically determined period of time during which the child is particularly sensitive to a specific form of stimulation, resulting in the development of a specific response or characteristic

Question 19

Social releasers

Answer 19

A social behaviour or characteristic that elicits a caregiving reaction. Bowlby suggested that these were innate and adaptive

Question 20

Secure attachment

Answer 20

A strong and contented attachment of an infant to his or her caregiver , which develops as a result of sensitive responding by the caregiver to the infants needs

Question 21

Insecure attachment

Answer 21

This is a form of attachment between infant and caregiver that develops as a result of the caregivers lack of sensitive responding to the infants needs

Question 22

Insecure avoidant

Answer 22

Style of attachment characterises those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others

Question 23

Insecure resistant

Answer 23

Ambivalent attachment characterises those who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction

Question 24

Disorganised

Answer 24

A type of attachment that has no consistent patterns of social behaviour

Question 25

Separation anxiety

Answer 25

The distress shown by an infant when separated from their primary attachment figure

Question 26

Stranger anxiety

Answer 26

The distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar

Question 27

Culture

Answer 27

Refers to all the rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members of a society or some other collection of people

Question 28

Cultural variations

Answer 28

The ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, and the effects these practices have on development and behaviour

Question 29

Collectivist culture

Answer 29

Any culture that places more value on the ‘collective’ rather than the individual, and on interdependence rather than independance

Question 30

Individualist culture

Answer 30

Any culture that places more value on the individual rather than on the collective, and on independence rather than on interdependence

Question 31

Disinhibited attachment

Answer 31

A type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminate between people they choose as attachment figures

Question 32

Attachment disorder

Answer 32

A psychiatric disorder characterised by an individuals inability to identify a preferred attachment type

Question 33

Attachment type

Answer 33

Refers to whether a person is securely or insecurely attached ie the way you relate to others in the context of intimate relationships