Attachment Flashcards
Temperament hypothesis
The view that attachment type an be explained in terms of an infants innate emotional type rather than the sensitivity of the attachment figure
Privation
The failure to develop any attachments during early life due to a lack of care from a primary caregiver
Failure to form attachment
same as privation, no attachments
Disruption of attachment
Child has formed an attachment bond with a primary care giver, but it is broken eg by the mother going into hospital
Institutional care
Ia place dedicated to a particular task, such as caring for children waiting for adoption, caring for the mentally ill or looking after those in hospitals. It refers to long term situations, as opposed to day care or outpatient care where the people go home everyday.
Day care
A form of child care that is not overnight. Offered at a non home location or by an adult providing care in their own or the child’s home. Eg childminding or day nurseries
Social development
The development of sociability, where child learns to relate to others and learn the skills necessary to function in society. How it relates to its peers and whether it becomes aggressive
Peer relations
Child ability to relate to people of its own age
Aggressive behaviour
Anti social behaviour, tantrums, hit other children, name call, bully
Attachment
An emotional bond between two people that endures over time. Leads to certain behaviours such as clinging and proximity seeking. Serves the function to protect an infant.
Primary attachment figure
The person who has formed the closest bond with a child, demonstrated by the intensity of the relationship. This is usually the biological mother
Learning theory
The name given to a group of explanations which explain behaviour in terms of learning rather than any inborn tendencies or higher order thinking
Innate
Characteristics that are inborn, a product of genetic factors
Continuity hypothesis
The idea that emotionally secure infants go on to be emotionally secure, trusting, and socially confident adults
Imprinting
An innate readiness to develop a strong bond with a mother figure, which takes place in a critical or sensitive period
Internal working model
A mental model of the world that enables individuals to predict and control their environment
Monotropy
The idea that the one relationship that the infant has with their primary attachment figure is of special significance in emotional development
Sensitive period
A biologically determined period of time during which the child is particularly sensitive to a specific form of stimulation, resulting in the development of a specific response or characteristic
Social releasers
A social behaviour or characteristic that elicits a caregiving reaction. Bowlby suggested that these were innate and adaptive
Secure attachment
A strong and contented attachment of an infant to his or her caregiver , which develops as a result of sensitive responding by the caregiver to the infants needs
Insecure attachment
This is a form of attachment between infant and caregiver that develops as a result of the caregivers lack of sensitive responding to the infants needs
Insecure avoidant
Style of attachment characterises those children who tend to avoid social interaction and intimacy with others
Insecure resistant
Ambivalent attachment characterises those who both seek and reject intimacy and social interaction
Disorganised
A type of attachment that has no consistent patterns of social behaviour
Separation anxiety
The distress shown by an infant when separated from their primary attachment figure
Stranger anxiety
The distress shown by an infant when approached or picked up by someone who is unfamiliar
Culture
Refers to all the rules, customs, morals and ways of interacting that bind together members of a society or some other collection of people
Cultural variations
The ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices, and the effects these practices have on development and behaviour
Collectivist culture
Any culture that places more value on the ‘collective’ rather than the individual, and on interdependence rather than independance
Individualist culture
Any culture that places more value on the individual rather than on the collective, and on independence rather than on interdependence
Disinhibited attachment
A type of disorganised attachment where children do not discriminate between people they choose as attachment figures
Attachment disorder
A psychiatric disorder characterised by an individuals inability to identify a preferred attachment type
Attachment type
Refers to whether a person is securely or insecurely attached ie the way you relate to others in the context of intimate relationships
