Attachment - 16 Marker

Question 1

Caregiver instant interactions

Answer 1

AO1:
-reciprocity
-Interactional synchrony
-Meltzoff and Moore
AO3:
- Supporting research - Meltzoff and Moore
- Practical applications
- Issues With studying infants

Question 2

Role of the father

Answer 2

AO1:
- traditionally seen as secondary attachment figure
- Schaffer and Emerson
- biological and social factors
- playmate
AO3:
- conflicting evidence
- real-world application
- social sensitivity

Question 3

Stages of attachment

Answer 3

AO1:
- Schaffer and Emerson
- Asocial
- Indiscriminate
- specific
- multiple
AO3:
- high ecological validity
- cultural differences
- issues with measuring attachment

Question 4

Animal studies

Answer 4

AO1:
- Lorenz
- critical period
- long term effects
- Harlow
AO3:
- issues with generalisability
- ethical concerns
- Practical applications

Question 5

Explanations of attachment

Answer 5

AO1:
- Learning theory classical conditioning
- Learning theory operant conditioning
- Mono tropic theory
- Critical period
- Internal working model
- Social releasers
AO3:
- Support for Balby by Lorenz and Harlow
- Contradictory evidence from Shaffer and Emerson
- Learning theory criticised

Question 6

Ainsworth strange situation

Answer 6

AO1:
- Ainsworth’s procedure and findings
- Attachment types identified
- Measured of behaviours
AO3:
- Has inter rater reliability
- Cultural bias
- Low ecological validity

Question 7

Influence on early attachment

Answer 7

AO1:
- internal working model
- Childhood and romantic relationships
- Parenting style
AO3:
- supporting evidence from Hazan and shaver
- deterministic
- Methodological issues

Question 8

Maternal deprivation

Answer 8

AO1:
- theory of maternal deprivation
- Effect of maternal deprivation and development
- Thieves study
- long-term consequences
AO3:
- Supporting evidence from the thieves study
- Contradictory evidence by Lewis
- Real world applications

Question 9

Institutionalisation

Answer 9

AO1:
- Definition of institutionalisation
- Romanian orphan study
- Findings of the orphan study
- Effect of institutionalisation
AO3:
- Real world application applications
- long-term effects not clear
- Issues with generalisability