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attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

what is reciprocity?

A

caregiver infant interaction is reciprocal; each persons interactions effect each others

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2
Q

what is attachment?

A

the formation of a strong, reciprocal emotional bond between an infant and primary caregiver

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3
Q

what is interactional synchrony?

A

caregiver and infant signals synchronise; occur together

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4
Q

which psychologists deals with reciprocity?

A

Feldman, Eidelman and Brazelton

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5
Q

what did Feldman and Eidelman discover about reciprocity?

A

babes have alert phases and signals that they are ready for interaction, mothers respond 2/3 of the time

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6
Q

what did Brazelton discover about reciprocity?

A

describes caregiver interaction as a dance as they respond to each others moves like a couples dance

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7
Q

what psychologists investigated interactional synchrony?

A

Meltzoff and moore (1977)
isabella (1989)

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8
Q

what did meltzoff and moore observe about interactional synhchrony?

A

interactional synchrony in infants aged 2 weeks. adults displayed one of three facial expressions or gestures and the baby copied

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9
Q

what did isabella observe about interactional synchrony?

A

30 mothers and infants, a high level of synchrony associated with a better quality attachment

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10
Q

what are alert phases?

A

from birth babies signal when they are ready to interact

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11
Q

what behaviours indicate attachment?

A

proximity seeking, separation distress and joy on reunion, general orientation towards specific adult

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12
Q

what does it mean to have multiple attachments?

A

attachment to 2 or more people

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13
Q

what is the fathers role?

A

fathers offer play rather than comfort, seems to contribute to children’s attachment

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14
Q

what is the role of fathers as primary caregivers?

A

smile, imitate and comfort like mothers

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15
Q

what did Grossman discover?

A

quality of relationship was effected by relationship with mother not father therefore father attachment was less important

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16
Q

what are Schaffer and Emersons stages of attachment?

A

asocial, indiscriminate, specific, multiple

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17
Q

what is the asocial stage of attachment?

A

first few weeks, babies show some preference for familiar adults, babies love most things and humans

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18
Q

what is the in indiscriminate stage of attachment?

A

2-7 months, preference for people over inanimate objects, more observable social behaviour, no stranger or separation anxiety

19
Q

what is the specific stage of attachment?

A

from 7 months, stranger and separation anxiety, specific attachment to primary caregiver

20
Q

what is the multiple stage of attachment?

A

babies how multiple attachments to more than one adult, form secondary attachments, normally occurs by age 1

21
Q

how does oestrogen effect the role of the father?

A

oestrogen underlies caring behaviour which may make women more biologically suited to forming attachments

22
Q

what did Lamb (1987) discover about the role of the father?

A

children often prefer interaction with fathers when in a positive emotional state and seeking stimulation but prefers mothers when they are distressed and seeking comfort

23
Q

what did Hardy suggest about fathers responsiveness?

A

less able to detect low levels of infant distress

24
Q

what were the findings of Harlows experiment with monkeys?

A

both groups of monkeys spent more time with cloth monkey, cloth=comfort, wire=food, early deprivation leads to emotional damage

25
Q

what were the findings of Lorenz’s study of geese?

A

the control group followed their mother group but the second group followed Lorenz as he was the first moving thing they saw

26
Q

what are some strengths of Lorenz’s study?

A

its reliable and can be repeated again,

27
Q

what is a weakness of Lorenz’s study?

A

it has ethical issues

28
Q

what are the advantages of animal studies?

A

can do things which are considered unethical to humans

29
Q

what are the disadvantages of animal studies?

A

may not be generaliseable

30
Q

what is imprinting?

A

where birds that are mobile from birth attach to and follow the first moving object they see

31
Q

what is a critical period?

A

period of time in which an attachment can be formed

32
Q

what is sexual imprinting?

A

who they imprint with will effect their future behaviour, template from early attachment, brough up by goose= mate goose

33
Q

what is cupboard love?

A

infants are attached to those who satisfy their needs

34
Q

what is a monotropic bond?

A

special bond, unique relationship to develop and internal working model

35
Q

what is an internal working model?

A

provides template for future attachments, plays a role in later development

36
Q

what is the aim of Ainsworth’s strange situation?

A

to be able to observe key attachment behaviours as a means of assessing the child’s attachment to a caregiver

37
Q

what are the behaviours used to judge attachement?

A

proximity seeking, exploration behaviour, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, response on reunion

38
Q

what is a secure attachment? TYPE B

A

child explore happily but regularly go back to caregiver, moderate separation anxiety and stranger anxiety, require and accept comfort from caregiver at stage 7 (reunion)

39
Q

what is an insecure-avoidant attachment? TYPE A

A

explore freely, do not seek proximity, little or no reaction when caregiver leaves, little contact on return

40
Q

what is an insecure-resistant attachment?

A

seek greater proximity than others so explore less, huge stranger and separation anxiety, resist comfort on return

41
Q

strengths of Ainsworth’s strange situation

A

standardised, results tend to be similar despite cross cultural differences, ecological validity

42
Q

limitations of Ainsworth’s strange situation?

A

focuses on the relationship with one person, cultural specific

43
Q
A

psych (4 decks)

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