Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm Unit 5 > Atrial & Ventricular Arrhythmias > Flashcards

Atrial & Ventricular Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

Class I Vaugn Williams Classification of Antiarrhyhmic drugs

A

block sodium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

class II Vaugn Williams Classification of Antiarrhyhmic drugs

A

B adrenoreceptor antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

class III Vaugn Williams Classification of Antiarrhyhmic drugs

A

prolonging action potential and prolong refractory period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Class IV Vaugn Williams Classification of Antiarrhyhmic drugs

A

Calcium channel antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

major problems with a fib

A 
atrial thrombi
right atrium (PE)
left atrium (cerebral emboli -- stroke)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stroke risk in a fib is ___ greater than in patients w/o a fib

A

2x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

only ___% o f patients who would benefit from prophylactic anticoagulant therapy receive treatment

A

15-44%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

if patient is not compromised and > 48 hours or do not know how long the patient has been in a fib give:

A

rate control and anticoagulation

conversion to SR may dislodge a thrombus!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the safest of all the antiarrythmics are ___

A

amiodarone (cordarone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

use a ___ dose of amiodarone given over 1- minutes during a fib

A

150mg IV loading dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

can you give amiodarone if I have an iodine allergy?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

side effects of amiodarone

A 
hypothyroid
hyperthyroid
pulmonary fibrosis
lenticular opacities
blue skin discoloration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the rate of conversion of amiodarone is about ___

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

use dronedarone for a fib/flutter who have ___

A

converted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

no iodine to limit __ in dronedarone

A

toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

black box warning of dronedarone

A

c/I in NYHA class IV HF or NYHA class II-III HF with recent decompensation (increased HF deaths in clinical trials)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sotalol blocks ____

A

B1 and B2 receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sotalol is usually used to maintain ____

A

SR after conversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sotalol is ___ eliminated

A

renally; dose adjustment for impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sotalol is c/I for a fib for CrCl ___

A

<40mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sotalol c/I for vent arrhythmias for CrCl ___

A

<10 – individualize dose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

propafenone is indicated for ____

A

a fib/flutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rate controllers:

A

diltiazem
beta blockers
digoxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

administration of diltiazem

A

IV and PO (PO is Cardizem CD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

class of Diltiazem

A

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when using diltazem PO, use only the ____ form

A

CD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Beta blockers

A

metaprolol

carvedilol

28
Q

digoxin works better in patients with ___

A

EF <40%, low BP

29
Q

digoxin has a positive ___

A

inotrope (increases force of myocardial contraction)

30
Q

digoxin is dosed in ___

A

micrograms

31
Q

digoxin halflife

A

long (adults 36-48 hrs)

32
Q

loading dose of digoxin for a fib

A

500mcg IVP x 1; then 250 mcg q6h x 2 doses

oral: 0.5mg once a day x 2 days

33
Q

total digitizing dose of digoxin

A

10-15mcg/kg

34
Q

CHADs index

A 
CHF
HTN
Age >75
DM
Stroke (or hx of TIA)
35
Q

stroke risk with nonvalvular AF

A

CHADS2 index

36
Q

the rate-control strategy eliminated the need for ___

A

repeated cardio version and reduced rates of hospitilization

37
Q

___ should be considered the primary approach for patients with a fib and CHF

A

rate control

38
Q

avoidance of _____ is desirable

A

anti arrhythmic (most are pro-arrhythmic, especially long-term)

39
Q

___ provided no advantage in mortality

A

rhythm control

40
Q

rate control can now be considered the ___

A

primary approach

41
Q

rhythm control can now be ____

A

abandoned early if not fully satisfactory

42
Q

pharmacological conversion of AF

A

simpler but less efficacious
major risk is toxicity of anti arrhythmic drugs
most effective if performed <7 days of developing AF
much less effective if AF onset >7 days

43
Q

electrical and drug conversion fo AF carry risk of

A

thromboembolism if AF >48h

44
Q

electrical and drug conversion cary similar

A

thromboembolism risk

45
Q

drugs for AF conversion <7d ays

A

amiodarone
ibutilide
dofetilide

46
Q

drugs for AF conversion >7 d ays

A

amiodarone
ibutilide
dofetilide

47
Q

the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia

A

a fib

48
Q

a fib is assoc w/ ____

A

> 5x increase in stroke

49
Q

anticoagulation with warfarin has been shown to ___

A

reduce the ischemic stroke risk compared with placebo

50
Q

ICH risk is both ___ and ___ dependent

A

age and INR

51
Q

ventricular tachycardia is often precipitated by

A

electrolyte disturbances (esp severe hypokalemia)
hypoxemia
digitalis toxicity
during acute MI or ischemia

52
Q

most common precipitating factor of VT

A

during acute MI or ischemia

53
Q

drug of choice for ventricular arrhythmias

A

amiodarone

54
Q

dose of amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmias

A

300mg IV load

55
Q

all antiarrythmics used for v tach cause

A

ventricular arryhtmias

56
Q

all antiarrythmics used for v tach are potentially

A

dangerous to use

57
Q

anti arrhythmic; diagnostic agent

A

adenosine

58
Q

half life of adenosine

A

very short; seconds

59
Q

Moa of adenosine

A

slows conduction through AV node, interrupting reentrant pathways, restoring SR

60
Q

adenosine may cause prolonged ___

A

sinus pauses

61
Q

adenosine rarely ___

A

prolonged asystole

62
Q

adenosine does NOT convert ___

A

a fib/flutter to SR< but used diagnostically if underlying rhythm is not apparent.

63
Q

adenosine administration

A

given over 1-2 sec via peripheral line

64
Q

follow each bolus of adenosine with ___

A

20mL NS

65
Q

administer adenosine as close to ___ as possible

A

trunk

66
Q

when giving adenosine, do nOT

A

use hand or lower arm or lower extremity

67
Q

adenosine is c/I in

A 
2nd or 3rd degree HB
sick sinus syndrome
symptomatic bradycardia (except with functioning PM) 
a fib/flutter w/ underlying WBW syndrome
asthma

Pharm Unit 5 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions