Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 4: Cardiology > Atrial Fibrillation > Flashcards

Atrial Fibrillation Flashcards

1
Q

hallmark of AF

A

irregularly irregular pulse

absent P waves on ECG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

differential for an irregularly irregular pulse

A

ventricular ectopics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

symptoms of AF

A

usually asymptomatic

symptoms can include

  • palpitations
  • SOB
  • syncope
  • complications e.g. stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

underlying causes of AF

A

Sepsis

Mitral valve stenosis

Ischaemic heart disease

Thyrotoxicosis

HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can AF be classified

A

first detected episode

paroxysmal

persistent

permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is paroxysmal AF

A

AF that self terminates episodes last <7 days (typically less than 24 hours)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is persistent AF

A

AF that does not self terminate - requires cardio version episodes last > 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is permanent AF

A

AF that cannot be cardioverted - goal is rate control + decrease stroke risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

1st line rate control in patients with no contraindications

A

beta blocker e.g. atenolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

contraindication to atenolol

A

asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2nd line options for rate control

A

diltiazem - rate limiting ca channel blocker (avoid in HF)

digoxin - good in HF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what patients would be suitable for rhythm control

A

episode of AF < 48 hours

reversible cause of their AF

AF is causing HF

symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

two methods of cardioversion

A

pharmacological e.g. flecanide / amiodarone

electrical - DC cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amiodarone is used for cardioversion in which patients

A

patients with structural heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what patients are suitable for immediate cardioversion

A

AF present for < 48 hours

haemodynamically unstable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what patients receive delayed cardioversion

A

AF present > 48 hours

stable

17
Q

what is required before delayed cardioversion

A

3 weeks anticoagulation

18
Q

score used to calculate anticocoagulation requirement in AF patients

A

CHA2DS2-VASC

19
Q

what does CHA2DS2-VASc stand for

A

Congestive HF = 1 point

HTN = 1 point

Age2 > 75 = 2 points

Diabetes = 1 point

Stroke / Tia previously = 2 points

Vascular disease = 1 point

Age 65-74 = 1 point

Sex (female) = 1 point

20
Q

what CHA2DS2-VASC score should be offered anticoagulation

A

>1

21
Q

anticoagulation options for AF

A

Warfarin - vitamin K antagonist (Aim for INR 2-3)

Rivaroxaban / Apixaban - factor Xa inhibitors

Year 4: Cardiology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions