ATP 3.1 Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
What do they consist of?
Ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups.
What is the enzyme used to convert ADP to ATP?
ATP synthetase.
What is ATP?
A universal energy currency.
What is chemiosmosis?
The flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient, through ATP synthetase which provides the potential energy necessary to synthetise ATP by phosphorylation.
What is phosphorylation?
Oxygen becomes the final electron acceptor allowing the flow of electrons to continue.
Chemiosmosis equation
C6H12O6 + 2ATP + 2NAD–> 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH
Why is the formation of ATP known as an endogonic reaction?
It requires the input of energy which is stored in the product.
Properties of ATP
Inert, soluble, easily transported, small, readily hydrolysed by one enzyme and releases a usable amount of energy.
Where in the mitochondria does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
Inner mitochondrial membrane.
Where in the chloroplast is ATP synthetase located?
Thylakoid membrane.
How many proton pumps are there in the electron transport chain of mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Mitochondria has 3 and chloroplasts have 1.
How is ATP synthesised by ATP synthetase?
Protons flow down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthetase, generation a proton motive force driving the synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi.
How can dehydrogenase activity be investigated?
Using artificial hydrogen acceptors such as DCPIP and methylene blue.
What colour change is observed when DCPIP is reduced?
Dark blue to colourless.
