ATP Flashcards
What’s the structure of ATP?
Adenine group
Ribose (sugar)
3 phosphate molecules
What’s ribose?
Pentose sugar
What is adenine?
Alkali base full of nitrogen.
What do you need energy for?
Movement= muscle contraction
Maintaining body temp = provides optimum internal environment for enzymes to function.
What’s ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP needed for?
Needed For processes that are active not passive = active transport
What is formed during the hydrolysis of ATP?
ADP + pi = inorganic phosphate ion is formed when the last covalent phosphate bond is broken.
What’s a hydrolysis reaction?
Breaking down (adding water)
What enzyme is used during hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP hydrolase (ATPase) = catalyst
What reaction is in hydrolysis of ATP?
Exergonic reaction = releases energy
What’s formed during synthesis of ATP?
Adds pi (phosphate) onto ADP = by covalent phosphate bond
What reaction is in synthesis of ATP?
Endergonic reaction = requires energy
What enzyme is used during the synthesis of ATP?
ATP synthase
What’s a condensation reaction?
Build up = joins monomers by medical bonds = involves the elimination of water.
What reaction was in synthesis of ATP?
- condensation or hydrolysis
Condensation
What reaction was in hydrolysis of ATP?
- condensation or hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
How can AMP (adenosine mono phosphate) and ADP (adenosine diphosphate) be converted back to ADP?
Addition of phosphate molecules = this process is called phosphorylation
What’s the process of adding phosphate molecules called?
Phosphorylation
Properties of ADP:
- Small
-Water molecule - contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy
- releases energy in small amounts
-Easily regenerated
How is ADP being small an advantage?
Easy to move in/out of cells.
How does being water soluble an advantage to ADP?
Energy requiring process that happens in aqueous environments.
How is being easily regenerated an advantage for ADP?
Can be recharged with energy
How can containing bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy advantage for ADP?
Large enough to be useful in cellular reactions, not to large that energy is wasted.
Is ATP unstable or stable?
Relatively unstable molecule= can’t be stored easily.
Where is energy stored?
Fats & carbohydrates
What’s broken down & how in order to make ATP?
During cellular respiration fats & carbohydrates are broken down to make ATP.
What’s an exergonic reaction?
Releases energy
What’s an endergonic reaction?
Uses up energy
Advantages of ATP?
- Instant source of energy in the cell.
- releases energy in small amounts as needed.
- universal energy carrier.
- mobile & transports chemical energy to where it’s needed in the cell.
Adding phosphate groups to a molecule males it reactive so it can be used in other reactions.
Why is ATP known as a universal energy currency?
It can be used in many different chemical reactions.
