ATP Flashcards
Organisms store chemical energy mainly in
-lipids
-carbohydrates
The molecule that makes the energy available when needed is
-adenosine triphosphate - ATP
When energy is made available what happens to the ATP
-it is synthesised such as in the mitochondria and it is broken down when energy is needed such as in muscle contraction
Structure of ATP
-ATP is a nucleotide
-contains a base adenine, sugar ribose and three phosphate groups
When energy is needed in living organisms what happens
-enzyme ATPase hydrolyses bond between the second and third phosphate group removing the first group
-ATP molecule is hydrolysed into adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate ion with release of chemical energy
A reaction that releases energy such as ATP is called an
-exergonic reaction
The addition of phosphate to ADP is called
-phosphorylation
ATP transfer free energy from (_____________), like (______) to cellular respiration where it is needed
-energy-rich compounds
-glucose
Energy transfers are inefficient meaning
-some energy is always lost as heat
Result of uncontrolled release of energy from glucose
-would produce a temp increase that would destroy cells but instead organisms release energy in small steps this is called respiration
Advantages of using ATP as an intermediate providing energy instead of indirect glucose
-only one enzyme needed to release energy as ATP-many for glucose
-hydrolysis of ATP to ADP involves a single reaction-breakdown of glucose takes longer
-ATP releases energy in little amounts where needed-glucose releases a lot of energy that would release all at once
-ATP provides common source of energy for many different chem reactions, inc efficiency and control by cell
Roles of ATP
-Metabolic processes
-Active transport
-Movement
-Nerve transmission
-Secretion
Metabolic processes (ATP)
-to build large, complex molecules from smaller, simpler molecules like DNA synthesis from nucleotides, proteins from amino acids
Active transport (ATP)
-change shape of carrier proteins in membranes + allow molecules or ions to move against conc grad
Movement (ATP)
-Muscle contraction, cytokinesis
