ATP

Question 1

what 3 things is ATP made from ?

Answer 1

3 phosphate groups
nitrogenous base
ribose sugar

Question 2

what enzyme is used to hydrolise atp ?

Answer 2

ATP hydrolase

Question 3

2 uses of ATP

Answer 3

1) provides energy for:
Active transport;
Muscle contraction;
Protein synthesis.

2.Phosphoylation:
Of molecules to lower activation energy / make substrates more reactive

Question 4

what is required to add a phosphate group to ADP

Answer 4

• It requires energy to add a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP creating a high energy bond.
• This involves a condensation reaction and the enzyme ATP synthase
• This occurs during photosynthesis and during respiration

Question 5

ATP is useful because

Answer 5

1. Releases relatively small amount of energy/ little energy is lost as heat;
2. Releases energy instantaneously;
3. Phosphorylates other compounds, making them more reactive;
4. Can be rapidly re-synthesised;
5. Is not lost from/ does not leave cells;
   (is also soluble)

Question 6

ATP is easily hydrolysed back to ADP and Phosphate:

Answer 6

• When this happens the bond between the second and third phosphate breaks releasing small manageable amounts of usable energy.
• ATP breaks down to ADP and Pi in a hydrolysis reaction (requiring a molecule of water and the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
• Pi can be used to phosphorylate other compounds and make them more reactive.
• ATP is made by condensing ADP and Pi
• This involves a condensation reation and the enzyme ATP synthase (this also produces 1x H2O)
• ATP is produced IN respiration and photosynthesis (not for them)