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Foundations In Chemistry > Atoms, Ions And Compounds > Flashcards

Atoms, Ions And Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of subatomic particles in the nucleus?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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2
Q

Where do electrons occupy in an atom?

A

Electrons occupy the region outside of the nucleus, arranged in shells.

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3
Q

How are the masses of subatomic particles compared?

A

Subatomic particles have such tiny masses that relative masses are compared.

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4
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+

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5
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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6
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-

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7
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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8
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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9
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/1836

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10
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

Also known as the proton number.

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11
Q

What does every atom of the same element contain?

A

The same number of protons.

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12
Q

What distinguishes different elements?

A

Different elements contain atoms that have different numbers of protons.

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13
Q

How are elements listed in the periodic table?

A

In order of the number of protons, which is the same as the atomic number.

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14
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.

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15
Q

What can vary in atoms of the same element?

A

The number of neutrons.

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16
Q

What leads to different masses in isotopes?

A

Differing numbers of neutrons.

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17
Q

What is true about most elements in terms of isotopes?

A

Most elements are a mixture of isotopes.

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18
Q

What do isotopes of the same element have in common?

A

The same number of electrons, so they react in the same way.

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19
Q

How does the number of neutrons affect the reactions of an element?

A

The varying number of neutrons has no effect on reactions of an element.

20
Q

Do physical properties of isotopes vary?

A

Yes, e.g., melting and boiling points.

21
Q

What are ions?

A

Charged atoms/lost or gained electrons

22
Q

What are positive ions called and how do they form?

A

Positive ions, or cations, have fewer electrons which gives them a positive charge.

23
Q

What are negative ions called and how do they form?

A

Negative ions, or anions, have more electrons which gives them a negative charge.

24
Q

How are ions represented?

A

Ions are shown with their overall relative charge.

25
Q

Atomic number is the…

A

Proton number

26
Q

How to find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass number-Atomic number

27
Q

State how the similarities and differences of these isotopes: 54Fe, 56Fe, 57Fe, 58Fe

A

-Different mass numbers and number of neutrons
-Same number of protons and electrons

28
Q

State the similarities and differences of these isotopes: 6Li, 7Li

A

-Different number of nuetrons
-Same number of protons and electrons

29
Q

State the similarities and differences of the following: 18O, 18O2-

A

-Different number of electrons
-Same number of protons and neutrons

30
Q

State the similarities and differences of the following: 39K+, 40Ca2+

A

-Same number of electrons and neutrons
-Different number of protons

31
Q

What is relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

32
Q

What does the weighted mean mass (relative atomic mass) take into account?

A

The percentage abundance of each isotope and the relative isotopic mass of each isotope

33
Q

How to find the relative atomic mass using a mass spectrometer

A

(Percentage abundance x the isotope mass eg. Cl-35 or Cl-37)
________________________________________
100

-Where accurate relative isotopic masses are not provided, use the mass number for each isotope instead

34
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 +

35
Q

Zinc

A

Zn 2+

36
Q

Carbonate

A

CO3 2-

37
Q

Sulfate

A

SO4 2-

38
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3-

39
Q

Hydroxide

A

OH-

40
Q

Nitride

A

N 3-

41
Q

Hydrochloric acid

A

HCL

42
Q

Sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

43
Q

Ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

44
Q

Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

45
Q

Potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

46
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

47
Q

How to find density

A

Mass/volume

Foundations In Chemistry (2 decks)

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