Atoms ions 2 Flashcards
Tutoring class 2
Ionisation energy
the energy required to remove electrons from an atom
2,8,18,32(s,p,d,f) model means?
The 1st shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 2 electrons.
The 2nd shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 8 electrons.
The 3rd shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 8 electrons.
The 4th shell of a atom contains a
maximum of 2 electrons.
Cations
positively charged ions.
Anions
Anions are negatively charged ions.
when do anions form
when non-metal gains the electrons.
Q
when do cations form
when an electron is lost from the last shell of the atom
electron configruation of a sodium atom
2,8,1
4 laws ofthe BOHR model
1.Electrons in an atom orbit around the nucleus in circular orbits.
2.The energy of the orbit is related to its size….
3.The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit
4.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.2
Why do we use energy to remove electrons
Energy is required to remove an electron from atom to overcome this attractive force that holds together the electrons together
Why do electrons stay around the atom in orbits instead of floating around-
Electrons are attracted towards the protons due to their electromagnetic opposite forces, therefore the electrons are placed in theirorbits.
compare the amount of ionisationenergy required toremove electrons between the 1st and 3rd shell
firstshellis closer tothe nucleus of the atom therfore thereis more attraction between the electrons in 1st shell and nucleus making it harder to remove the shell=more ionisation energy required and vice versa for 3rd shell!
Schrodinger model(cloud model)
electronsexistas waves not ahrd particels
electronsexistas hard particles in theBOHR model, whereasthis
BOHR model vs Schrodinger model.
electronsexistas hard particles in theBOHR model, whereas Schrodinger model disgaress and says elcectrons exist as wave like forms
BOHR model vs Schrodinger model. WHAT is more precise
Schrodginer model is more precise in terms of its understanding of atoms because it explains that atoms exist as a 3 dimensinaol and each shell has subshelles with different energy-more infromation than bohr model
Divisions of Schrodinger model
1.atoms
2.shells
3.subshells
4.orbitals
5.electrons
Isotopses
atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons
deuterium
an isotope of the element hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron
What does the period number represent
how many electrons the shell has
how are isotpes differnece
massand densiitychnage bcof number ofneutrons canges
isotopes exampes
carbon,chllorine,uranium,
what does the group number represent
how many electrons are in the valence shell
Why do electrons that are further away from the nucleus require more energy to stay om the subshell ;
electrons further away from the nucleus have less of an attractive force between the electrons in the shells and protons in the nucleus
electrons in the same shell are
1.Are about the same distance from the nucleus
2. Have about the same energy levels
orbital
specific region of a sublevel containing a maximum of 2 electrons
electrons in atoms are arranged as
shells, subshells and orbitals
Orbital
a specific region of a subshelll containing a max of 2 electrons
How many orbitals in each susbhell
note:
s subshell has 1 orbital
d subshell has 5 orbitals
p subshell has 3 orbitals
f subshell has 7 orbitals
How many electrons in every subshell
subshell s has 2 electrons and 1 orbital
subshell p has 6 electrons and 3 orbitals
subshell d has 10 electrons and 5 orbitals
subshell f has 14 electrons and 7 subshells
What is the periodic table and how are elements listed in the periodic table
The periodic table is a way of listing elements
Elements are listed in the periodic table by the structure of their atoms(how many protons in the nucleus, electrons in the orbits and atomic number)
why do non metallic elemetns undergoe chemical reactiosn
to gain electrons and form a stable octet rule
The more easily a non-metal can attract or share electrons
the more reactive that nonmetal is
Elements that have fewer e- shells and higher core charges will have a
greater attractive force between the nucleus and valence electrons, therefore being more reactive.
the reactivity of non-metals
Decrease down a group as it’s harder for non-metal atoms to attract e- into its valence shell with a greater number of shells.
Increases across a period as the increasing core charge makes it easier for a non-metallic atom to attract e-
how are electrons held in the cloudaround the nucleus
electrond are held in the cloud around the nucleus in orbitals due to the electromengnetic force between the protons and the electrons.
explain how the emission spectra provides evidenceforelectron shell in bohr model
the emission spectra states that each differnet enegery level releaess a differnet colour which supporst the bohr models theroy that energy levels are quantized.
differnec between BOHR nad schrondinger model IN TERMS OF ENERGY LEVELS.
Bohr model states that electrns are orbit the nucleus in fixed energy levels, whilst the shocridnger model states that electorns orbit the nucleus in orbitals WITHIN enegry levels.
