Atoms and ions

Question 1

Ion

Answer 1

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances chemically & that only contains one type of atom

Question 3

Cation

Answer 3

an ion with a positive charge

Question 4

Anion

Answer 4

an ion with a negative charge,

Question 5

Polyatomic ion

Answer 5

ions containing more than one atom

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

A molecule is a combination of at least two atoms in an arrangement held together by chemical bonds.

Question 7

Why are elements electricallyneutral(have no charge)?

Answer 7

elements havean equal number ofelectrons and protons

Question 8

If an electron/s is removed or added it becomes an

Answer 8

ion

Question 9

Removing or adding an electron means that there is now a difference between

Answer 9

protons than electrons

Question 10

Electrovalency

Answer 10

When an element combines with another element by gaining or losing electrons

Question 11

where do most cations come from

Answer 11

metal atoms

Question 12

Why do most cations come from metal atoms

Answer 12

Most cations come from metal atoms because their few electrons are located in their valence shell(last shell)

These electrons in the valence shell are known as valence electrons

Question 13

Name an exception where a cation is not a metal

Answer 13

Hydrogen a non-metal forms H+ when dissolved in water

Question 14

Monoatomic ion

Answer 14

an ion consisting of exactly one atom.

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

the number of protons in an atom,

Question 16

Mass number

Answer 16

the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

Question 17

Protons vs neutrons vs electrons

Answer 17

proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge

neutron is a subatomic particles found inside the nucleus of every atom with a neutral charge

Electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound)

Question 18

nucleus of the atom consists of

Answer 18

protons and neutrons

Question 19

which subatomic particles contribute to the mass of the atom

Answer 19

protons and neutrons

Question 20

how to calcualte number of electrons

Answer 20

electrons are the same as protons

Question 21

how to calculate neutrons

Answer 21

substrate atomic mass by protons

Question 22

The vertical columns are known as in the periodic table

Answer 22

groups

Question 23

The horizontal columns are known as in the periodic table

Answer 23

periods

Question 24

What is group 1-2 known as

Answer 24

metals

Question 25

what is group 13-18 known as

Answer 25

non metals

Question 26

what is everything but groups 1-2 and 13-18 is known as

Answer 26

transition metals

Question 27

What is the small number as vs the larger number?

Answer 27

Small number is atomic number= protons and electronssame

Big numbermass number =findneutronsby subtracting small number from bignumbeer

Question 28

the outer most shell(orbit) of an atom

Answer 28

valence shell

Question 29

What the electrons in the valence shell called

Answer 29

valence electrons

Question 30

why do we see light in the emission spectrrum(
can refer to in a firework question)

Answer 30

When the fireworks are heated, the electrons in the atoms will absorb energy and thus jump from a lower energy state/ground state to a higher energy state/excited state.

Later, when the electrons return back to their respective orbits, they release energy in the form of light.

They may directly return to their original energy level or they may move to other energy levels before returning to their original energy level ultimatley producing different types of light in the emission spectra

Question 31

BOHR model rules

Answer 31

1.Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.

2.The energy of the orbit is related to its size.

3.The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.

4.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.

Question 32

How do we see colours accorindgy toBOHRmodel

Answer 32

according to the BOHR model, different colours are emitted when electrons jump from a state of high energy to a state of lowenergy. Different wavelenghts produce differnet colours

Question 33

Octet rule

Answer 33

refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell tocreate stabilty

Question 34

BOHR MODEL

Answer 34

states that electrons are hard particles that orbit around the nucleus

Question 35

what does the term the energy of electrons are quantized mean

Answer 35

electrons have one energy level or another but nothing in between

Question 36

electrons ground state vs excited site

Answer 36

electrons ground state refers to the stabel energy level that an electron noramlly occupies to, whereas the excited state is a less stable level or shellwhich electrons reach by absorbing energy