Atoms and ions Flashcards
Tutoring class 1
Ion
An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
Element
a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances chemically & that only contains one type of atom
Cation
an ion with a positive charge
Anion
an ion with a negative charge,
Polyatomic ion
ions containing more than one atom
Molecules
A molecule is a combination of at least two atoms in an arrangement held together by chemical bonds.
Why are elements electricallyneutral(have no charge)?
elements havean equal number ofelectrons and protons
If an electron/s is removed or added it becomes an
ion
Removing or adding an electron means that there is now a difference between
protons than electrons
Electrovalency
When an element combines with another element by gaining or losing electrons
where do most cations come from
metal atoms
Why do most cations come from metal atoms
Most cations come from metal atoms because their few electrons are located in their valence shell(last shell)
These electrons in the valence shell are known as valence electrons
Name an exception where a cation is not a metal
Hydrogen a non-metal forms H+ when dissolved in water
Monoatomic ion
an ion consisting of exactly one atom.
Atomic number
the number of protons in an atom,
Mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.
Protons vs neutrons vs electrons
proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electrical charge
neutron is a subatomic particles found inside the nucleus of every atom with a neutral charge
Electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle that can be either bound to an atom or free (not bound)
nucleus of the atom consists of
protons and neutrons
which subatomic particles contribute to the mass of the atom
protons and neutrons
how to calcualte number of electrons
electrons are the same as protons
how to calculate neutrons
substrate atomic mass by protons
The vertical columns are known as in the periodic table
groups
The horizontal columns are known as in the periodic table
periods
What is group 1-2 known as
metals
what is group 13-18 known as
non metals
what is everything but groups 1-2 and 13-18 is known as
transition metals
What is the small number as vs the larger number?
Small number is atomic number= protons and electronssame
Big numbermass number =findneutronsby subtracting small number from bignumbeer
the outer most shell(orbit) of an atom
valence shell
What the electrons in the valence shell called
valence electrons
why do we see light in the emission spectrrum(
can refer to in a firework question)
When the fireworks are heated, the electrons in the atoms will absorb energy and thus jump from a lower energy state/ground state to a higher energy state/excited state.
Later, when the electrons return back to their respective orbits, they release energy in the form of light.
They may directly return to their original energy level or they may move to other energy levels before returning to their original energy level ultimatley producing different types of light in the emission spectra
BOHR model rules
1.Electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy.
2.The energy of the orbit is related to its size.
3.The lowest energy is found in the smallest orbit.
4.Radiation is absorbed or emitted when an electron moves from one orbit to another.
How do we see colours accorindgy toBOHRmodel
according to the BOHR model, different colours are emitted when electrons jump from a state of high energy to a state of lowenergy. Different wavelenghts produce differnet colours
Octet rule
refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have eight electrons in the valence shell tocreate stabilty
BOHR MODEL
states that electrons are hard particles that orbit around the nucleus
what does the term the energy of electrons are quantized mean
electrons have one energy level or another but nothing in between
electrons ground state vs excited site
electrons ground state refers to the stabel energy level that an electron noramlly occupies to, whereas the excited state is a less stable level or shellwhich electrons reach by absorbing energy
