Atoms and the periodic Table

Question 1

How are the elements organised in the periodic table?

Answer 1

• Elements with similar properties was placed in a vertical column or ‘group’.
• It is organised in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons).

Question 2

Facts on Group 0

Answer 2

• known as the noble gases
• Noble gas atoms have full outer shell of electrons
• very strong stable electron configuration = they are unreactive non-metals.
• boiling point of nobel gases increase down the group.

Question 3

Group 1

Answer 3

-known as the alkali metals.
-have one electron in their outermost shell
-have low melting and boiling points that decreases down the group=becoming more reactive down the group
Alkali metals stored under oil because they react really vigorously with oxygen and water.
-When alkali metals react with water a metal hydroxide is formed and hydrogen gas is given off.

Question 4

Group 7

Answer 4

• The non-metals which are known as the halogens.
• Have 7 electrons in their outermost shell.
• Reactivity decreases down the group because the outer shell gets further away from the nucleus, so less easy to gain an electron.
• further down group 7 = higher relative molecular mass, melting point, boiling point.

Question 5

What do Alkali metals react with?

Answer 5

They react with non-metals to form ionic compounds. When this happens, the metal atom loses one electron to form a metal ion with a positive charge (+1)

Question 6

What does Halogens react with?

Answer 6

They react with metals to produce ionic salts. When this happens, the halogen atom gains one electron to form a halide ion with a negative charge (-1).

Question 7

Transition Metals (or transition elements)

Answer 7

• They are the center of the periodic table, between Group 2 and 3.
• They form colored compounds.
• They have ions of different charge, e.g. Fe^2+ and Fe^3+.
• They can be used as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions.
• Good conductors of heat