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Chemistry GCSE > Atoms and Ions > Flashcards

Atoms and Ions Flashcards

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1
Q

What are atoms composed of?

A

A nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons

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2
Q

What does the mass number represent?

A

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

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3
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

Number of protons (number of protons and electrons are the same)

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4
Q

Why is the number of electrons ignored?

A

Because they’re tiny

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5
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons

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6
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

The weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an element

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7
Q

What is the formula of relative atomic mass?

A

SUM(Isotope mass x isotope abundance) / 100

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8
Q

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of a proton?

A

1 and +1

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9
Q

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of an electron?

A

1/2000 and -1

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10
Q

What is the relative mass and the relative charge of a neutron?

A

1 and 0

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11
Q

What is an electron?

A

Negatively charged particles

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12
Q

Why are electrons important?

A

Because they take part in bonding

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13
Q

What does the number of electrons in the outer shell show?

A

Which group in the periodic table

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14
Q

What are group 8 elements in the periodic table?

A

Stable atoms, therefore very unreactive

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15
Q

Give an example of a diatomic molecule

A

Oxygen (O2)

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16
Q

Why do ions form?

A

To gain or lose the electrons they need to become stable

17
Q

What happens when a metal bonds to a non metal?

A

Electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non metal atoms. The metal ions have an overall positive charge

18
Q

What do ions have the same electronic structure as?

A

The nearest noble gas

19
Q

Why do group 1 metals have a charge of +1?

A

Because they have one outer electron to lose

20
Q

What is the ion for hydroxide?

A

OH-

21
Q

What is the ion for nitrate?

A

NO3-

22
Q

What is the ion for sulphate?

A

(SO4)2-

23
Q

What is the ion for carbonate?

A

(CO3)2-

24
Q

How is the formula for a compound worked out?

A

Total positive charge must equal the total negative charge.

25
Q

Example: what is the formula of magnesium chloride?

A

MgCl2

Chemistry GCSE (21 decks)

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