Atoms and Elements Part 1 Flashcards
Names of the 3 (or 4) States of Matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas (and Plasma (lightening, fire, etc)
Gases have a high density and can only vibrate as movement. True or False?
False. High densities and vibrating movement are only found in solids, whereas gases are the opposite - “exaggeratingly” low densities and freedom of movement.
Particle Theory Explanation
A theory made to explain help scientists worldwide explain the properties of the states of matter
When a liquid changes to a gas due to evaporation, what is happening to the internal particles of the element?
The particles are gaining more and more kinetic energy due to heat energy convection in the liquid, hence begin moving away from each other to fill their container, and escape it completely if there is an opening into the air.
Explain the action of diffusion
When a gas spreads out over a distance overtime from an area of high concentration (“amount” of gas) to an area of low concentration.
Why is diffusion faster in warm areas of space rather than in cold?
Diffusion happens faster in hot temperatures because the heat energy in the area from other particles is suppling the spreading gas particles with more kinetic energy as they bump together. It happens slower and over a shorter distance in cold areas of space because the cool temperature doesn’t supply the particles with energy and in fact absorbs away the diffusing particles’ kinetic energy, slowing them down.
What is the cause of gas pressure inside a container?
Gas pressure is caused by the force of gas particles “bumping” into the container walls. If more gas is put into the container, the internal pressure of the container will be greater, whereas if there is less gas particles inside of the container, the internal pressure will be less. Gas pressure is especially useful for maintaining the shape of a solid container - balanced external and internal amounts of gas particles collide with the container walls in at the same time and with the same amount of force to prevent collapse or rupture of the solid structure.
If Magnesium is element 12 of the Periodic Table, the number of protons in a single atom of the element is the same. True or False?
True. The number of a pure element on the Periodic Table is in fact confirmed via the number of protons or electrons a single atom of the element has.
What is the purpose of having neutrons in an element’s atom?
To prevent electrical charges caused by the fusion of protons and electrons
Method to find a number’s atomic MASS
N = Neutrons P = Protons
N + P = Nucleus in living organisms, and Atomic Mass of a specific element in the Periodic Table
What is the name of where electrons are located, and why?
Electrons are located in orbital rings around the centre (nucleus) of an atom which are called “shells”. They orbit the atom in infinite loops because the presence of neutrons prevents them from being in direct contact with the protons in the atom to give off an electrical charge.
What is the difference between a GROUP and a PERIOD in the Periodic Table?
Group = Name given to a vertical COLUMN in the Periodic Table
Period = Name given to a horizontal ROW in the Periodic Table
List 5 METALS in the Periodic Table (Metalloids don’t count)
Any out of all Transition metals (e.g. Technetium, Ruthenium), Alkali Earth (e.g. Sodium, Lithium) & Alkali (Beryllium, Calcium) Metals, Rare Earth (Neodymium, Promethium) Metals, and Actinide (Uranium, Thorium) Metals
List 6 NON-METALS in the Periodic Table
Any out of Oxygen, Fluorine, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Neon, Xenon, Argon, Krypton.
