Atoms

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

-Smallest particle of an element that still retains the identity and properties of the element

Question 2

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 2

Atoms are made up of even smaller particles

-Called subatomic particles -> protons, neutrons & electrons

Question 3

Atomic number

Answer 3

Number of protons in the nucleus (and typically electrons)

Question 4

Atomic mass

Answer 4

Equals number of protons and neutrons in nucleus

-weighted average of all isotopes

Question 5

Mass number

Answer 5

Determined by rounding atomic mass

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Same number of protons in nucleus but different number of neutrons
-have similar chemical properties but differ in physical properties

Question 7

Qualitative observations

Answer 7

-Describing the nature of something
-Using your senses
(Colour, taste, texture, etc.)

Question 8

Quantitative observations

Answer 8

Describing amounts or measurements of something

How fast, how hot, how much, etc.

Question 9

What are chemical bonds?

Answer 9

Forces that attract atoms to each other

-involves interaction between the valence electrons of atoms and is the driving force of stability

Question 10

Ionic bond

Answer 10

Chemical bond between oppositely charged ions that arise from the transfer of electrons
-usually involves metal + non metal

Question 11

Covalent bond

Answer 11

Chemical bond where electrons are shared by 2 atoms
-usually involves 2 nonmetals
(Non metal + non metal)

Question 12

IONIC properties

1. State at room temp.
2. Melting point
3. Electricity conductivity as a liquid (melted)
4. Solubility in water
5. Conducts electricity when dissolved in water

Answer 12

1. Crystalline solid
2. High
3. Yes
4. Most have high solubility
5. Strong conductor

Question 13

COVALENT properties

1. State at room temp.
2. Melting point
3. Electricity conductivity as a liquid (melted)
4. Solubility in water
5. Conducts electricity when dissolved in water

Answer 13

1. Liquid, solid, gas
2. Low
3. No
4. Most have low solubility
5. Poor conductor

Question 14

Ionic compounds

Answer 14

-must become an ion first
-must gain an electron (anion -) OR lose an electron (cation +)
-form crystals and make lattice structure
-formula represents a ratio rather than a discrete particle
-always reduced to lowest terms
EG. Mg2O2 = MgO

Question 15

Covalent compounds

Answer 15

Form molecules

Formula represents exactly how many of each type of arm are found in each molecule

Question 16

Covalent compounds

Answer 16

Form molecules

Formula represents exactly how many of each type of arm are found in each molecule