Atoms Flashcards
What are atoms?
Microscopic entities that constitute all matter.
How many types of atoms are known?
118 types of atoms.
How many types of atoms are found naturally on Earth?
98 types.
What are elements?
Substances composed of only one type of atom.
What is a molecular element?
Composed of multiple same non-metal atoms.
What are compounds?
Formed by combining different elements.
What does sodium chloride (NaCl) consist of?
A sodium atom and a chlorine atom.
What does glucose (C6H12O6) consist of?
6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms.
What are the three types of subatomic particles?
- Protons
- Neutrons
- Electrons
Where are protons located?
In the nucleus.
What charge do neutrons have?
Neutrally charged.
Where are electrons located?
Outside the nucleus, forming an electron cloud.
What forms the atomic nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
What determines the type of atom and its element?
The atomic number.
What is the mass number?
The sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What information is arranged on the periodic table?
- Chemical symbol
- Atomic number
- Atomic mass
What does a Bohr diagram represent?
The atomic structure and electron configuration.
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2 electrons.
How many electrons can the second shell hold?
8 electrons.
What is the nuclear force?
A strong attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the atomic nucleus.
What is a cation?
Formed when an atom loses electrons, becoming positively charged.
What is an anion?
Formed when an atom gains electrons, becoming negatively charged.
What leads to the formation of ions?
Atoms seeking stability by having full electron shells.
What happens when a sodium atom loses one electron?
It forms a cation with a charge of +1.
What happens when a chlorine atom gains one electron?
It becomes chloride (Cl-).
What is static electricity?
An imbalance of electrical charges created by transferring electrons from one atom to another.
Why does an atom not change into a different element when it gains or loses electrons?
An element is defined by the number of protons in the nucleus.
What causes electrons to stay in an atom?
Because the nucleus in the center of the atom is positively charged and attracts the negatively charged electrons.
What was the significance of Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment?
Led to the development of the ‘nuclear model’ of the atom.
What did the plum pudding model propose?
Atoms are composed of electrons scattered within a ‘soup’ of positive charge.
What are the characteristics of metals?
- Lustrous
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
- Malleable
- Ductile
What are the characteristics of non-metals?
- Dull
- Not good conductors of heat and electricity
- Brittle
- Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature
Fill in the blank: Atoms seek stability by having full electron _______.
[shells]
