Atoms Flashcards
What is the smallest unit of matter?
Atom
True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
False
What are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.
Protons and neutrons
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
What determines the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus
Which particle has a mass approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)?
Proton
True or False: Neutrons have no charge.
True
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons?
Isotopes
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level of an atom?
2
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Covalent bond
What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is arranged by increasing ______.
Atomic number
What are groups in the periodic table?
Columns of elements with similar properties
What are periods in the periodic table?
Rows of elements indicating energy levels
True or False: Noble gases are highly reactive.
False
What is the main characteristic of metals on the periodic table?
They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
Which scientist is credited with creating the first periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What is the significance of the periodic law?
Elements show periodic properties when arranged by atomic number.
What is an ion?
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
What is the primary factor that determines the chemical properties of an element?
The electron configuration
Fill in the blank: The outermost electrons are known as ______ electrons.
Valence
What happens to the atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?
It increases.
What happens to the electronegativity as you move from left to right across a period?
It increases.
True or False: Alkali metals are located in Group 1 of the periodic table.
True
What is a chemical bond?
A lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve sharing of electrons.
What is a molecule?
A group of atoms bonded together.
True or False: Nonmetals typically gain electrons during chemical reactions.
True
What are transition metals?
Elements found in groups 3-12 of the periodic table, characterized by d-electrons.
Fill in the blank: The most reactive group of nonmetals is the ______.
Halogens
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.
What does the term ‘valence shell’ refer to?
The outermost shell of an atom containing the valence electrons.
What is the definition of an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is the role of a neutron in an atom?
To provide stability to the nucleus.
What does the term ‘atomic mass’ refer to?
The weighted average mass of an atom of an element based on the abundance of its isotopes.
Fill in the blank: The periodic table is divided into ______, ______, and ______.
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Size of an atomic nuckeus compared to an atom
1/10,000
What do the number of shells mean in a atom
Which period
Whats an element
Particle made of 1 type of atom
Whats a compund
2 or more elements chemically bonded together IN FIX PROPORTIONA
What are displacement reaction
When a more stronger reactive element displaces or pushes out a less stronger element from a compound that contians a less reactiv elememt
