atoms Flashcards
what does each electron have?
a fixed energy point// energy level
what happens when an electron gains more energy
when an electron gains more energy, it moves (quantums) from its ground state shell into a higher electron shell.
what is an isotope
an isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
how do we calculate relative atomic mass
(abundance x mass /100) + (abundance x mass /100)
name a carbon allotrope
fullernes, graphite, diamond, graphene
what is an allotrope?
different structural forms of the same element
how many bonds does each graphite carbon form?
three very strong covalent bonds
explain why graphite and diamond have a high melting and boiling points?
because of the many covalent bonds
why can graphite and graphene conduct electricity?
because it has delocalised electrons which are free to move
what can graphite be used for and why?
a lubricant because of the weak intermolecular forces between the layers which can be easily overcome (removed)
what is the formula of buck-minster fullerene?
C60 ( 60 carbon atoms joined together by strong covalent bonds )
why does fullerene have a low melting point?
There are weak intermolecular forces between molecules, these need little energy to overcome, so fullerene is slippery and has a low melting point.
how can graphene be displayed?
a sheet of carbon atoms with no fixed formula
why does graphene have a high melting point
because of its large arrangement of carbon atoms joined by covalent bond
how many bonds does each diamond carbon have?
four very strong covalent bonds
