Atomic Theory

Question 1

Sublimination is…

Answer 1

Solid to gas

Question 2

Absorption of energy is a rise or drop in energy levels?

Answer 2

A rise, like from n=1 to n=2

Question 3

Emission of energy is a rise or drop in energy levels?

Answer 3

A drop, like from n=2 to n=1

Question 4

As the n value increase, does the energy between adjacent energy levels increase or decrease?

Answer 4

Decrease, there is more change in energy between n=1 and n=2 than between n=2 and n=3

Question 5

As n value increases, does the electron go into higher or lower energy states?

Answer 5

Higher because the electron is farther from the nucleus

Question 6

How do you know that energy levels are quantized?

Answer 6

The sample emits light of the same frequency, regardless of solution’s temperature and concentration. Because the sample, independent of concentration, absorbs the same frequency of light each time, the transition energy must be a fixed value. This leads to the conclusion that energy levels are fixed, and thus quantized. Temperature can affect the intensity of the light that is emitted, but not the frequency. The frequency of the light remains constant.

Question 7

What is m(l) of p orbital? Like what values

Answer 7

m(l) = -1, 0, +1

Question 8

Having six ligands attached to a atom usually leads to what shape?

Answer 8

Octahedral

Question 9

Having five ligands attached to a atom usually leads to what shape?

Answer 9

Trigonal bipyramidal

Question 10

Is the cis or trans isomer usually polar?

Answer 10

Cis is usually always polar

Trans can cancel out dipole

Question 11

If a semipermeable membrane can distinguish between atomic radius and charge, which molecules would be let through more easily?

Answer 11

Small, non-charged molecules/atoms

Question 12

What is ionization energy?

Answer 12

energy required to remove an electron from its valence shell

Question 13

What is effective nuclear charge?

Answer 13

the charge exerted upon the valence electrons by all other charged species in the atom, usually a larger effective nuclear charge leads to smaller atomic radius and higher ionization energy

Question 14

For transition metals, do they lose electrons from 4s first or from 3d first?

Answer 14

4s because 4s is farther from the nucleus than 3d

Question 15

As temperature increases, what happens to density of a solid?

Answer 15

Density decreases because while mass stays the same, volume increases due to expansion

Question 16

Why do inorganic pigments last longer than organic ones?

Answer 16

Organic pigments can be oxidized in the air while inorganic pigments are already oxidized and will probably be stable in the air for a while

Question 17

How does fluorescing compounds work?

Answer 17

It absorbs high energy light like UV and gives off less energy light like visible light

Question 18

How is the color emitted from fluorescence found?

Answer 18

Find the energy difference between excited and ground state to find the frequency and therefore wavelength of color.

Question 19

Do first row transition metals lose 4s or 3d electrons first?

Answer 19

4s

Question 20

What does an emission spectrum look like?

Answer 20

An emission spectrum shows just the color emitted by the compound after it has been excited. This is shown on a black background.

Question 21

What is an exothermic reaction?

Answer 21

more energy is released than expected

Question 22

How do you know electrons have quantized energy levels?

Answer 22

“Quantized energy levels” refer to states of finite energy where electrons may exist. Distinct lines in an EM radiation spectra show that the same amount of energy is absorbed when an electron is excited. If the transition between levels is a quantized value (an exact quantity), then it seems logical that the energy levels are also quantized.

Question 23

What does electron configuration of an excited state for an atom look like?

Answer 23

Electron moves to higher energy level orbital.

Ex. Excited state for Na+
1s^2 2s^2 2p^5 3s^1 (the electron from 2p moved to 3s)