Atomic structures and mixtures

Question 1

What is an isotope?

Answer 1

An isotope are versions of an element but with a different amount of neutrons.

Question 2

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is the relative mass of a electron?

Answer 3

1/2000th

Question 4

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 6

0

Question 7

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

How to work out number of neutrons in an element?

Answer 8

atomic mass - atomic number

Question 9

How to work out number of protons in an element?

Answer 9

the atomic number

Question 10

How to work out the number of electrons in an element?

Answer 10

The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Question 11

What is the mass number?

Answer 11

It is the bigger number and is Protons + Neutrons

Question 12

What is the atomic number?

Answer 12

The atomic number is the amount of protons and electrons.

Question 13

What are ions?

Answer 13

Ions are charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons. It is formed when a metal and a non metal combine.

Question 14

What was the ‘Plum Pudding Model’?

Answer 14

The plum pudding model was a model of the atom that had a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons inside it.

Question 15

What was the Rutherford alpha particle experiment?

Answer 15

Rutherford fired positively charged alpha particles at gold atoms, most particles passed straight through showing that the atom was mostly made up of empty space. It also scattered off in different directions sometimes, suggesting that they collided with something. The Nucleus.

Question 16

What did Niels Bohr do to the structure of the atom?

Answer 16

He discovered that the electrons had occupied energy levels, shells surrounded the atom.

Question 17

What did James Chadwick do to the structure of the atom?

Answer 17

He discovered that the nucleus also contained the neutron.

Question 18

What is a compound?

Answer 18

Different elements bonded together

Question 19

What is a mixture?

Answer 19

Two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined.

Question 20

Explain the filtration practical.

Answer 20

Filtration is used to separate a mixture of a liquid and a solid. You put filter paper on a filter funnel which is then put onto a conical flask. The filter paper collects the Solid while the liquid is being collected in the conical flask.

Question 21

Explain the Crystallisation practical

Answer 21

Crystallisation is used to obtain a solid form of a dissolved substance. The solution is heated by a Bunsen burner inside an evaporating basin, the water is then evaporated and leaves behind solid crystals of what was a dissolved substance.

Question 22

Explain the Chromatography practical

Answer 22

Chromatography is used to separate mixtures containing colours.

Question 23

Explain the Distillation practical

Answer 23

Distillation is used to separate mixtures of liquids with different boiling points. The mixture of liquids is heated, the substance with the lowest boiling point is then evaporated. Its vapour rise up to the sill head and are cooled in the water condenser. The vapours condense into a liquid and collected in a collection flask. The substance with the higher boiling point is remained in the bottomed flask.

Question 24

What is meant by the conservation of mass?

Answer 24

Mass will be equal on both sides of the chemical reaction.