ATOMIC STRUCTURE C1 Flashcards
What does every atom have in common?
An atom always has a central nucleus.
What 3 things are contained inside of the nucleus?
Electrons, neutrons & protons.
What orbits around the nucleus in an atom?
Shells
How many electrons contain around 1 shell?
The first shell around the nucleus always contains 2 electrons, however the second shell after the first one has 8 electrons. This is so the atom can have a full outer shell, anything more or less either has to be gifted to a different atom or gained from another atom which doesn’t need that element anymore.
What is the relative charge & mass for a electron?
Relative charge = -1
Relative mass = very small
What is the relative charge & mass for a neutron?
Relative charge = 0
Relative mass = 1
What is the relative charge & mass for a proton?
Relative charge = +1
Relative mass = 1
How do you work out the number of neutrons in a nucleus?
Takeaway the atomic number from the mass number which each have electrons & protons contained in them depending on which atom it is. E.g. Na = sodium has a mass number of 23 and an atomic number of 11 which each have 2 electrons and protons in their shells, 23-11=12 neutrons in the central nucleus.
What is a relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass of an element is the number of protons and neutrons in it’s atom.
How do you work out the relative formula mass of a compound?
Add up all the relative atomic mass of all the atoms of the elements in a compound to work out the relative formula mass of that specific compound.
What are Isotopes?
Sometimes atoms of the same element have different numbers of neutrons. This means the atoms will have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. This are called isotopes. All isotopes have the same chemical properties.
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic compounds are held together by eachother using strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions. This is called ionic bonding.
