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TPS Science New Spec > Atomic structure and the periodic table > Flashcards

Atomic structure and the periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the smallest part of an element that makes up all substances?

A

An atom

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2
Q

How can a compound be separated?

A

By a chemical reaction

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3
Q

What do all chemical symbols, e.g. Na and O, have to start with?

A

A capital letter

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more elements, or compounds, that are not chemically bonded together.

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5
Q

Approximately how many different elements are there?

A

There are 118 different elements.

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6
Q

How would you separate a salt from water?

A

Crystallisation

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7
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different elements that are chemically combined.

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8
Q

How would you separate a solid from a liquid?

A

Filtration

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9
Q

How would you separate two soluble liquids?

A

Distillation

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10
Q

Why might a scientist decide to change or replace an existing model?

A

New experimental evidence is put forward.

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11
Q

The discovery of what sub-atomic particle led to the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

The electron

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12
Q

Describe how you could use chromatography to identify a banned food dye in food colouring.

A
  • Place food dyes on pencil line on chromatography paper. - Place paper in solvent (e.g. water) - The dye will dissolve in the water and spread up the paper. - The colours in the dye will separate. - Compare the patterns of the food dyes with the chromatogram of the banned food dye.
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13
Q

What two conclusions about the atom were drawn from the results of the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A
  • The mass was concentrated at the centre (the nucleus) - The nucleus was charged.
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14
Q

What are the relative charges of protons, electrons and neutrons?

A
  • Protons +1 - Electrons -1 - Neutrons 0
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15
Q

Who adapted the nuclear model of the atom by suggesting that electrons orbit at specific distances?

A

Niels Bohr

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16
Q

What are the relative masses of protons, electrons and neutrons?

A
  • Proton 1 - Electron very small (1/2000) - Neutron 1
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17
Q

What are the names of the sub-atomic particles in the nucleus of the atom?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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18
Q

What is the charge on an atom?

A

There is no overall charge on an atom

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19
Q

What relationship is there between the number of protons and electrons in an atom?

A

The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

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20
Q

Who discovered the neutron about 20 years after the discovery of the nucleus?

A

James Chadwick

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21
Q

What is the approximate size of the radius of an atom?

A

0.1 nm (1 x 10-10 m)

22
Q

Approximately how many times smaller is the radius of the nucleus of the atom?

A

The radius of a nucleus is less than 1/10000 of that of the atom (i.e. over 10000 times smaller).

23
Q

What is the definition of an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

24
Q

How do you calculate the mass number of an atom?

A

Mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons.

25
Q

What does the atomic number tell you about the particles in an atom?

A

Atomic number tells you the number of protons in an atom.

26
Q

Why is the table of elements called a ‘Periodic Table’?

A

Because elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals.

27
Q

What are the columns in the Periodic Table called?

A

Groups

28
Q

What are the rows in the Periodic Table called?

A

Periods

29
Q

How are the elements in the Periodic Table arranged?

A

Atomic (proton) number

30
Q

Calculate the relative atomic mass of chlorine given the percentage abundances of the following isotopes of Chlorine: 75 % Chlorine-35 and 25% Chlorine-37

A

(75% x 35) + (25% x 37) = 35.5

31
Q

What similarities are there between elements in the same group?

A
  • Same number of electrons in outer energy level/shell - Similar Properties
32
Q

What does the Group Number tell you about the electrons in an element?

A

Group Number = Number of electrons in outer energy level / shell.

33
Q

What charge do non-metal ions (except Hydrogen) have?

A

Negative

34
Q

How were elements in the early periodic tables arranged?

A

By atomic weights

35
Q

Where are metals found on the Periodic Table?

A

Metals are on the Left-Hand Side of the Periodic Table

36
Q

Where are the non-metals on the Periodic Table?

A

Non-metals are on the Right-Hand Side of the Periodic Table

37
Q

Who designed a Periodic Table that left gaps for undiscovered elements?

A

Mendeleev

38
Q

What are the elements in Group 0 called?

A

Noble gases

39
Q

What charge do metal ions have?

A

Positive

40
Q

In terms of electron arrangement, explain why noble gases are unreactive.

A

They have a full outer shell of electrons. (Helium has 2 electrons in outer shell, all other noble gases have 8 electrons in outer shell).

41
Q

How does the boiling point of noble gases change as you go down the group?

A

It increases

42
Q

What are the elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table called?

A

Halogens

43
Q

What is the name given to the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table?

A

Alkali Metals

44
Q

Which group of elements form molecules made up of pairs of atoms (diatomic)?

A

The Halogens (Group 7)

45
Q

Name the products produced when sodium reacts with Chlorine?

A

Sodium chloride

46
Q

Name the products produced when sodium reacts with Oxygen?

A

Sodium oxide

47
Q

Name the products produced when sodium reacts with Water

A

Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

48
Q

What happens to the melting and boiling points of Halogens as you go down the group?

A

Melting and boiling points increase

49
Q

What happens to the reactivity of the Halogens as you go down the group?

A

Reactivity decreases

50
Q

What happens the the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

A

Reactivity Increases

51
Q

Name the type of reaction shown by the word equation below. chlorine + sodium bromide → sodium chloride + bromine

A

Displacement Reaction

52
Q

What does this reaction tell you about the reactivity of chlorine and bromine?

A

Chlorine is more reactive than bromine (or vice versa)

TPS Science New Spec (14 decks)

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