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Chemistry > Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table > Flashcards

Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

What all substances are made up of

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2
Q

What does an atom contain?

A

Contains protons, neutrons and electrons

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3
Q

What is a nanometre ?

A

A nanometre is one billionth if a metre

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4
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is almost the whole mass of the atom

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5
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

What is the charge of the nucleus?

A

Positive charge because of protons

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7
Q

Where is the nucleus?

A

In the middle of the atom

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8
Q

What are electrons?

A

They are negatively charged and move around the nucleus in electron shells

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9
Q

What’s do electrons virtually not have?

A

A mass

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10
Q

Why are atoms neutral and have no charge?

A

Because they have the same number of protons as electrons

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11
Q

What happens in an ion?

A

Number of protons don’t equal the number of electrons meaning it has an overall charge

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12
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is a charged particle and ionised atoms have lost or gained electrons

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13
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance made up of atoms with the same number of protons in their nucleus

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14
Q

What do elements consist of?

A

Consist of atoms with the same atomic number

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15
Q

What is an example of an atom with the same atomic number?

A

Atom with 1 proton in its nucleus is hydrogen and an atom with 2 protons is helium

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16
Q

What is an isotope?

A

An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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17
Q

What do isotopes have?

A

The same atomic number but different mass numbers

18
Q

What is an example of an isotope?

A

Carbon 12 and carbon 13

19
Q

What is the formula for the relative atomic mass?

A 
Relative atomic mass= 
Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass) / sum of abundances of all the isotopes
20
Q

What is the relative atomic mass?

A

It’s an average mass taking into account the different masses and abundances (amounts) of all the isotopes that make up the element

21
Q

What are compounds?

A

Compounds are a mixture of atoms or elements joined together

22
Q

What can compounds also be?

A

Substances formed from two or more elements, the atoms of each are in fixed proportions throughout the compound and held together by chemical bonds

23
Q

How are bonds made?

A

Bonds are made when atoms give away, take or share electrons

24
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

An ionic compound is formed from a metal and a non metal which consists of ions. The metal ions lose electrons to form positive ions and the non metal ions gain electrons to form negative ions

25
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

When opposite charges (positive and negative) of the ions that are strongly attached to each other

26
Q

What can metals form?

A

Positive ions

27
Q

What do metals have?

A

Metallic bonding

28
Q

What can transition metals have?

A
  • More than 1 ion
  • Often coloured
  • Compounds make good catalysts
29
Q

What are the group 1 elements?

A

Alkali metals

30
Q

What do group 1 all have?

A

1 electron in the outer shell making them very reactive

31
Q

What do group 1 elements not need much energy for?

A

Losing their 1 outer electron to form a full outer shell. Readily form 1+ ions

32
Q

What are group 7 elements known as?

A

Halogens

33
Q

What are the Halogens?

A

Non metals with coloured Vapour

34
Q

What happens as you go down group 7?

A

Become less reactive

35
Q

What do group 7 have?

A

High melting and boiling points and higher relative atomic masses

36
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of group 7?

A

7

37
Q

What are group 0 elements?

A

Noble gases

38
Q

How many electrons are in the outer shell of group 0?

A

8 electrons so make it a full outer shell

39
Q

In group 1, how many elements are formed?

A

1+ ions

40
Q

In group 2, how many elements are formed?

A

2+ ions

41
Q

In group 6, how many elements are formed?

A

2- ions

42
Q

In group 7, how many elements are formed?

A

1- ions

Chemistry (5 decks)

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