Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Question 1

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 1

0.1nm (1×10^-10m)

Question 2

What is the radius of the nucleus?

Answer 2

1×10^-14m

Question 3

What was John Dalton’s moddle of the atom?

Answer 3

A solid sphere that could not be brocken down into any smaller parts.

Question 4

What was JJ Thompson’s moddle of the atom?

Answer 4

The plumb pudding moddle is a ball of positive charge with electrons scattered through randomly.

Question 5

What was Earnest Rutherford’s moddle of the atom?

Answer 5

The nuclear moddle had a small, dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons orbiting around the outside, most of the atom is empty space.

Question 6

What did Neil Bohr add to of the atom?

Answer 6

Multiple electron shells or energy levels.

Question 7

What James Chadwick add to the moddle of the atom?

Answer 7

Added protons and neutrons within the nucleus.

Question 8

What was Rutherford’s experiment?

Answer 8

The Alpha particle scattering experiment involved fireing alpha particles at very thin gold foil and observing the changes in their movement. This experiment lead to the creation of the nuclear moddle of the atom.

Question 9

What is an isotope?

Answer 9

An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

Question 10

How do you calculate R.A.M (Relative Atomic Mass)?

Answer 10

(% of isotope 1 × mass)+(% of isotope 2 × mass) / 100

Question 11

How did Dalton order the elements?

Answer 11

By Atomic weight, he left no gaps and did not consider the propertys.

Question 12

How did Mendeleev order the elements?

Answer 12

By atomic weight and the property’s of the elements, he also left gaps for undiscovered elements.

Question 13

What are group 1 elements called?

Answer 13

The Alkali metals.

Question 14

What are group 7 elements called?

Answer 14

The Halogens.

Question 15

How and why does reactivity change as you go down group 1?

Answer 15

Reactivity increases as you go down group 1
- The size of the atoms increases
- Distance between outer electron and nucleus increases
- So the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases
- The electron is more easily lost

Question 16

How and why does reactivity change as you go down group 7?

Answer 16

Reactivity decreases as you go down group 7
- The size of the atoms increases
- Distance between other electrons and the atoms nucleus increases
- So the force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases
- So it’s harder for the atom to pull in other electrons

Question 17

What are the property’s of the noble gasses?

Answer 17

• Colourless
• Very unreactive
• Glow when electricity passes through them

Question 18

Why do the noble gasses glow when electricity is passed through them?

Answer 18

The electrons gain energy and move up energy levels (exited), they then emitt light when they drop back down to their original energy level.

Question 19

What are the property’s of the transition metals?

Answer 19

• Good catalysts
• Form coloured compounds
• High melting and boiling points

Question 20

What were the results of the alpha particles scattering experiment?

Answer 20

• Most of the alpha particles passed strait through the foil
• Some of their paths where bent as they passed through
• A very small number where reflected backwards