Atomic Structure And Peridodic Table Flashcards
What are alkali metals?
The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table.
Define atom.
The smallest part of an element that can exist.
What is the atomic nucleus?
Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the center of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.
What does atomic number represent?
The number of protons in the nucleus.
Define chromatography.
A separation technique used to separate a mixture of chemicals by distributing the components between two phases.
What is a compound?
A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.
Define crystallisation.
A separation technique used to produce solid crystals from a solution by evaporating the solvent.
What is displacement in chemistry?
A chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.
What is an electron?
Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels.
Define electron shell.
Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.
What is an element?
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
What is filtration?
A separation technique used to separate solids from liquids.
Define fractional distillation.
A method of separating a mixture of substances according to their different boiling points.
What is a group in the periodic table?
The columns of the periodic table represent different groups of elements with similar properties.
What are halogens?
The elements in Group 7 of the periodic table.
Define ion.
An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
What does mass number indicate?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Define metals.
Elements that react to form positive ions, found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.
What is a mixture?
A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.
What is a neutron?
Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom.
What are noble gases?
The elements in Group 0 of the periodic table.
Define non-metals.
Elements that react to form negative ions, found towards the right and top of the periodic table.
What is the nuclear model?
The model stating that the mass was concentrated at the center of the atom and that the nucleus was charged.
What is the periodic table?
Table of elements arranged in order of atomic number with elements of similar properties in the same column.
Define plum pudding model.
Atomic model suggesting the atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons scattered through it.
What is a proton?
Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom.
Define relative atomic mass.
An average value that takes account of the abundance of isotopes of the element.
What is simple distillation?
A procedure by which two liquids with different boiling points can be separated.
Define transition metals.
The collection of metallic elements in the middle of the periodic table.
