Atomic structure an the periodic table Flashcards
what are atoms
atoms are the building blocks of all material on earth
what is a mixture?
two or more chemical substances that arent chemically bonded
what are compounds
a substance that contains two or more elements chemically bonded together
what is a suspension
heterogeneous mixture of a fluid that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation
name 5 separating methods ( mixtures)
filtration
chromatography
fractional distillation
distillation
evaporoation
what is filtration
this is when filter paper is used to separate large sediments from a liquid
what is chromatography
Chromatography is a method used to separate and identify the components of a mixture of soluble substances
what is atomic mass
atomic mass is the mass of proton nutreons and electrons the atom
what is the atomic number
the atomic number is the number of protons in the atom
what is the conservation of mass
the total mass of products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants
what is a solute
a solid that can dissolve into a solvent
what is a solvent
a liquid that can dissolve a solute
what is a solution
when a solute has been dissolved in a solvent
what is crystalisation
used to get pure salt from salt solution using evaporation
what is distillation
separates two miscible liquids using there boiling point
what is miscible
can be mixed together (water and alcohol)
what is immiscible
cannot be mixed together(water and oil)
what is an ion
an atom that has gained a charge by losing or gaining electrons
what is an isotope
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes
what is the name of group 7 elements
halogens
state 3 trends when going down group 1 in the periodic table
- increased reactivity
- Lower MP and BP
- higher atomic mass
name 6 separating methods
- filtration
- chromatography
- fractional distilation
- distilation
- evaporation
6
why do halogens become less reactive as you go down the periodic table
- As you go down the table the atomic radius and shielding increase
- this means there is a weaker electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the electron it is trying to gain
- this means more energy is required to get the electron
what is the reaction between a group 1 metal and water
Alkali metal + water –> metal hydroxide + hydregon
state 3 trends going down group 7
decreased reactivity
higher atomic mass
higher melting point and boiling point
do metals form positive or negative ions
positive
3 special propities transition metals have
they make good catalysts
there ions are often coloured
they can have more than one ion
why are noble gases inert
this is because they have a full outershell
what is inert
unreactive
