Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are elements made of?
Atoms
As atoms are small, what is the average diameter of an atom?
0.1 to 0.5 nanometers
What is relative atomic mass?
It is the measure of how heavy atoms are. (Ar)
What is relative charge?
it has the same value as the atomic mass.
what is the relative mass and charge of the following:
proton
neutron
electron
relative mass and charge:
proton 1 and +1
neutron 1 and 0
electron 1/2000 and -1
Within the periodic table, how is the element presented?
large number on the top is the atomic mass or mass number.
the smaller number (on the bottom) is the atomic number
define mass number
the total of protons and neutrons.
What does the atomic number do
It gives the number of protons ONLY.
What does the protons indicate?
They indicate what element an atom is.
How many protons do carbon atoms have?
6 and no more
What happens when you change the amount of protons in an atom
It is no longer a carbon atom
However neutrons aren’t fixed, which is variable.
What is an isotope
Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.
Give three examples of carbon isotopes
Carbon 12- 6 protons neutrons and electrons
Carbon 13- higher mass than C12 so 6 protons and electrons but 7 neutrons
Carbon 14- 6 protons and electrons but 8 neutrons
Define isotope abundance
the relative amount of each isotope found in a sample of a given element.
What happens when all isotopes are known?
the average mass of an element is shown.
Relative atomic mass
the mean of mass of an element compared to 1/12th to the mass of the carbon-12 isotope.
How to calculate the relative atomic mass
sum of (isotopic abundance x mass number) / 100
shells with a high or low amount of energy is…..
subshells
What is the region on subshell that holds 2 or more electrons?
orbitals
s- subshell
p- subshell
d-subshell
f- subshell
2 electons
3 of them hold 6 electrons
5 of them hold 10 electrons
7 of them hold 14 electrons
What happens to an atom when given an extra input of ATP
Electrons become excited and they then jump to a higher energy
Define ground state
When energy is lost, the electrons go back to the original state.
when light is being emitted from an element, to see how this is carried out?, what do we conduct?
A flame test.
What happens when energy is lost?
electrons go back to their original level and this is when light energy is created.
