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chemistry yr10 > Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are elements made up of?

A

Small invisible particles called atoms

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2
Q

Atoms cannot be…

A

Created or destroyed

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3
Q

Atoms of different elements have…

A

Different propersties

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4
Q

When atoms combine they form…

A

Molecules or compounds

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5
Q

Who proposed the idea that matter is composed of small invisible particles?

A

Democritus and leucippus

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6
Q

What idea did Aristotle propose?

A

The matter was composed of the four ‘elements’ air, earth, fire and water, and used these ideas to explain matter and its behaviour.

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7
Q

In 1808 John dalton published his atomic theory. What did he state?

A

All elements are made up of small atoms called particles

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8
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J j Thompson

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9
Q

What experiment was Thompson carrying out when he discovered the electron?

A

He was investigating the way conduct electricity goes

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10
Q

In Thompson’s experiment how did he show the electrons had a negative charge?

A

The electron beam was attached towards the positive plate therefore they must be negatively charged

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11
Q

What did Thompson’s model of the atom look like?

A

A plum pudding

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12
Q

How did Thompson’s model of the atom look like a Christmas pudding?

A

Atoms have rings if negative electrons imbedded in a positive sphere like raisins from a pudding

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13
Q

Why did Thompson argue that the atom was neutral?

A

atoms that contain negatively charged electrons must also contain positively charged material.

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14
Q

What did Rutherford discover about the atom?

A

Rutherford overturned Thomson’s model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny and heavy nucleus.

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15
Q

Where is virtually all of an atoms mass contained?

A

Virtually all the mass of the atom resides in the nucleus

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16
Q

In what way was Rutherford model of an atom similar to planets revolving around the sun?

A

Rutherford believed that the electrons within an atom moved around the nucleus in orbits

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17
Q

What part of the atom did James Chadwick discover in 1932?

A

The neutron

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18
Q

How does the mass of a neutron compare with the mass of a proton?

A

Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, but they are both much more massive than electrons

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19
Q

Atom is composed of small, dense, … charged nucleus at the center composed of … and … (most of the mass) with … charged electrons in … orbiting the …

A 
Positively
Protons And neutrons 
Negatively
Shells
Nucleus
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20
Q

What is a protons relative mass?

A

1

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21
Q

What is a protons relative charge?

A

+1

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22
Q

What is protons position?

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

What are neutrons relative mass?

A

1

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24
Q

What is neutrons relative charge?

A

0

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25
Q

What is protons position?

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

What is electrons relative mass?

A

1/1840

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27
Q

What is electrons relative charge?

A

-1

28
Q

What is electrons position?

A

Shells

29
Q

What is an atomic number?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

30
Q

What is a mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

31
Q

How do atoms of one element differ to those of another?

A

The number of protons, neutrons and electrons found in each atom are different.

32
Q

How can we calculate the number of each sub-atomic particle there are in the atom?

A

In the periodic table there are two numbers beside each atomic symbol. One is called the mass number and the other is called the atomic number.

33
Q

The number of protons in an atom is equal to its..

A

Atomic number

34
Q

As an atom is electrically neutral (I.e no overall charge) then the number of… must equal the number of…

A

Electrons (negative)

Protons (positive)

35
Q

The number of … in an atom is equal to its…

A

Neutrons

Mass/atomic number

36
Q

Electrons are arranged in shells around the…

A

Nucleus

37
Q

The electrons enter the…

A

Shell closest to the nucleus first

38
Q

Each shell must be filled with its full quota before..

A

Starting to fill the next shell

39
Q

Shell number 1 (closest to the nucleus) cam take a maximum of …

A

2 electrons

40
Q

All the other shells have a maximum of…

A

8 electrons (up to element 20)

41
Q 
How many protons, electron and neutrons in..
Sodium -  23
                          Na
                     11
And how is it layed out
A

11,11,12

2,8,1

42
Q

How many neutrons can be held in shell 1, 2 and 3

A

2, 8 and 8

43
Q

Using the periodic table what is aluminium’s…
Mass number
Atomic number
Electronic structure

A

27
13
2,8,3

44
Q

Atoms with electric charges are called…

A

Ions

45
Q

Atoms with positive charges are called…

A

Cations

46
Q

Atoms with negative charges are called…

A

Anions

47
Q

Look at pg 12-18 of booklet

A

…

48
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number (same number of protons) but a different mass number indicating a different number of neutrons

49
Q

What do you find in every science lab?

A

Periodic table

50
Q

How is the periodic table arranged?

A

Increasing atomic number

51
Q

What orbits around the outside of the hydrogen atom?

A

1 electron

52
Q

What is found in the nucleus of the hydrogen atom?

A

1 proton

53
Q

What is the atomic number of an element?

A

Number of protons in the nucleus

54
Q

Where is the atomic number written?(hydrogen and 1)

A

_
H
1

55
Q

Where is the mass written? (Sulfur and 32)

A

32
S
__

56
Q

What is the mass number of an element?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

57
Q

For every element the… is unique

A

Atomic number

58
Q

The atomic number tells us the number of protons in an element, what else does it tell us?

A

Number of electrons

59
Q

If an element has and atomic number of 12, how many protons and electrons does it have?

A

12

60
Q

Where are electrons found?

A

Orbits around nucleus

61
Q

Where are the 2 electrons in helium found?

A

First shell

62
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold?

A

2

63
Q

Give the arrangements of electrons for sodium

A

2,8,1

64
Q

In group 1, how many electrons do lithium, sodium and potassium have in their outer shells?

A

1

65
Q

As we go across to row 2 (of the periodic table) what happens to the second electron shell?

A

It fills up

chemistry yr10 (4 decks)

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