Atomic Structure

Question 1

Mass number

Answer 1

(Top number)

Total number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

Atomic number

Answer 2

(Bottom number)

Number of protons

Question 3

Number of protons

Answer 3

Number of protons = number of electrons

Question 4

Number of neutrons

Answer 4

Mass number - atomic number

Question 5

Proton

Answer 5

Relative mass = 1

Relative charge = +1

Question 6

Neutron

Answer 6

Relative mass = 1

Relative charge = 0

Question 7

Electron

Answer 7

Relative mass = very small

Relative charge = -1

Question 8

Isotopes

Answer 8

Different forms of same element, which have same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 9

Relative atomic mass

Answer 9

Average mass taking into account different masses and abundance’s of all isotopes that make up the element

Question 10

Compound

Answer 10

A substance formed from 2 or more elements

Atoms held together by chemical bonds

Chemical reaction needed to separate

Question 11

What happens when a compound is formed from a metal and a non-metal?

Answer 11

Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions

Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions

Opposite charges of the ions means that they are strongly attracted to each other - ionic bonding

Question 12

What happens when a compound is formed from non-metals a?

Answer 12

Consists of molecules

Each atom shares an electron with another atom - covalent bonding

Question 13

Mixtures

Answer 13

When 2 or more elements or compounds are mixed together

Physical methods can separate e.g. filtration or crystallisation

Question 14

Simple distillation

Answer 14

Separates a liquid from a solution

Solution heated, part of solution that has lowest boiling point evaporates first

Vapour cooled, condensed and collected

Problem: cannot separate mixture of liquids with similar boiling points

Question 15

Fractional distillation

Answer 15

Separates a mixture of liquids